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Human Development > Chapters 9,10, & divorce > Flashcards

Chapters 9,10, & divorce Flashcards

(61 cards)

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1
Q

Is the brain fully developed in adolescence?

A

NO

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2
Q

Do females or males brains develop sooner compared to males

A

females

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3
Q

Prefrontal cortex in adolescence

A

“judgment” region reins in intense emotions but doesn’t finish developing until at least emerging adulthood

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4
Q

Corpus callous in adolescence

A

nerve fibers connect the brains two hemispheres; they thicken in adolescence to process information more effectively

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5
Q

amygdala in adolescence

A

limbic system structure especially involved in emotion; this system is almost completely developed

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6
Q

Puberty

A

biological changes that develop a person into mature adults and prepare the body for sexual reproduction

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7
Q

What is causes earlier onset of puberty?

A

stress and weight

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8
Q

Is early or late timing of puberty more beneficial for boys?

A

early

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9
Q

Benefits of early onset puberty for boys

A

positive view of self, viewed by others as independent, mature, physically attractive, have more successful peer relationships, athletes, leaders

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10
Q

Long term effect of early onset puberty in boys

A

inflexible, conforming, and somewhat discontent adults

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11
Q

Late maturing in boys

A

Viewed as anxious, overly talkative, attention seeking, poorer body image which resolves after puberty

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12
Q

Long term effect of late maturing puberty in boys

A

stronger sense of identity in their 30s, more independent, flexible, and cognitively competent adults

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13
Q

Is early or late maturing more problematic for girls?

A

early

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14
Q

Early maturing in girls

A

high levels of depression, more likely to drink, smoke, suffer eating disorders, have older friends, engage in sexual relations earlier, less likely yo graduate from high school

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15
Q

Long term of late maturing in girls

A

well adjusted, regarded as attractive, lively, sociable

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16
Q

What are the 3 leading causes of death in adolescence

A

accidents, homicide, and suicide

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17
Q

Anorexia nervosa

A

an eating disorder in which an irrational fear of weight gain leads people to starve themselves

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18
Q

Bulimia nervosa

A

An eating disorder in which a person alternates between binge eating and purging

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19
Q

Piagets formal operational stage in adolescence

A

can easily perform mental operations on abstract concepts, logical and abstract thinking, hypothetical deductive reasoning

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20
Q

Imaginary audience in adolescence

A

feeling that everyone is watching me, its all about me; others are very concerned with what is happening to me

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21
Q

Personal fable in adolescence

A

I am highly special and unlike anyone else, that won’t happen to me, no-one understands my unique situation

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22
Q

Twenge’s research on the effects of social media

A

higher rates of depression and anxiety, mental health issues, more likely to feel lonely, not hanging out with friends, less dating, less likely to get enough sleep

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23
Q

in 2012, what percentage of Americans owned smart phones

A

50%

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24
Q

Erikson’s psychosocial stage: identity vs role confusion

A

who am I? relatively free from responsibility, able to try on new identities, experiment with different roles and personalities

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25
components of identity development
career paths, political identity, religious identity, relationships, sexual identity, cultural identity, ethnic identity, physical identity, personality, interest, intellectual identity
26
Moratorium identity status
Ongoing and active exploration of alternatives to find values and goals that fit; no current commitment; may seem frustrated or confused, but they are actively addressing these issues
27
Identity achieved identity status
committed to a clearly formulated set of values and goals; have reached this stage after having passed through some exploration
28
foreclosure identity status
have accepted values and goals that someone else has chosen for them; no exploration occurred
29
diffusion identity status
do not have a firm commitment to values or goals; no exploring
30
MAMA cycle
cycle of going through moratorium to achieved
31
Identity achieved and moratorium identity status and psychological well being
higher self esteem, more abstract and critical thinking, more advanced moral reasoning
32
foreclosure and identity diffusion identity status and psychological well being
low self esteem
33
What percentage of first marriages end in divorce in the U.S?
40-50%
34
what is the average length of a marriage that ends in divorce?
7-8 years
35
If you graduate from college does your risk for divorce increase or decrease
decrease
36
what percent of children with divorced parents live with their mom?
75%
37
are divorce rates for remarriages higher or lower?
higher
38
what percentage of American children whose parents divorce will have a step family within 4 years?
50%
39
What factors impact the effects of parental divorce of children
conflict between parents, psychological well being of siblings, exposure to stress, attachment styles, father involvement, temperament, gender
40
Are boys or girls more affected by parental divorce?
boys
41
Reaction of preschool aged children to parental divorce
insecure, demanding, needy, regression, egocentric, blame themselves
42
What did a longitudinal study reveal abut preschool children after parental divorce
showed lower imaginary play, and lower social and cognitive abilities
43
reaction of school aged children to parental divorce
fantasize about parent, academic, behavioral and social issues, depression, rejection, loneliness, aggression
44
reaction of adolescence to parental divorce
academic and behavioral and social issues, delinquent behaviors, "grow up too fast", anger, depression, more likely to drop out of school, and higher suicide attempts
45
What is the number one factor the influences Childs long term adjustment to parental divorce/
conflict between parents
46
what type of parenting styles do mothers revert to after divorce?
authoritarian
47
what type of parenting style do fathers revert to after divorce?
permissive
48
sleeper effect
girls bounce back after 1-2 years, show later signs of adjustment issues; girls with absent fathers due to divorce were more provocative and more sexually active
49
long term negative effects of divorce
less likely to get marries, higher divorce rates, less likely to have children, higher rates of anxiety and depression, lower levels of self esteem
50
long term positive effects of divorce
better coping skills, more empathetic, more sympathetic
51
divorce rates for remarriages are higher by what percent
60%
52
unique tasks involved in remarriages that involve children
define and strengthen marriage, renegotiate biological parent-child relationships
53
what are the three types of stepfamilies
stepfather, stepmother, blended/complex
54
children from which family have the most adjustment problems
blended or complex
55
children of divorced parents have the closest relationship with which parent?
the custodial parent
56
wallerstein's research on divorce
studied 60-100 children in clinical interviews; resulted that divorce is a life transitioning experience with scars that linger to adulthood. it is a major trauma in a Childs life, affects the ability to love and be loved
57
Hetherington's research on divorce
surveyed 1400 families. within two years of divorce, children are fundamentally well; divorce has little long lasting affects; only 25% have serious problems compared to 10% from intact families
58
Dopamine and the onset of puberty
dopamine levels increase during adolescence; can be linked to increased risk taking and use of addictive drugs
59
Nutrition and exercise during adolescence
obesity in adolescence is rising; exercise is declining | The use of screens correlates to adolescence being obese
60
Sleep patterns during adolescence
Less sleep equals more problems for adolescence; only 32% of adolescence get 8 or more hours of sleep each night
61
Development trends in identity status
identity formation neither begins nor ends during adolescence; in adolescence physical, cognitive, and socioemeitoinal development happen for the first time

Human Development (10 decks)

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