Chat generated Qs

Question 1

Which of the following is a type of point-of-care HIV test?
A) ELISA
B) Western Blot
C) Lateral Flow Test
D) PCR

Answer 1

C

Question 2

What sample types can be used for point-of-care HIV tests?
A) Blood only
B) Saliva only
C) Blood, serum, plasma, urine, or saliva
D) Nasal swab only

Answer 2

C

Question 3

A test with poor specificity is likely to result in:
A) Many false negatives
B) Many false positives
C) High positive predictive value
D) No impact on results

Answer 3

B

Question 4

The SPIN acronym helps remember that:
A) High specificity tests are good for ruling in disease with a positive result
B) High sensitivity tests are good for ruling out disease with a negative result
C) High specificity tests always have high sensitivity
D) A negative result rules in disease

Answer 4

A) High specificity tests are good for ruling in disease with a positive result

Question 5

Positive predictive value (PPV) increases when:
A) Prevalence of the disease decreases
B) Prevalence of the disease increases
C) Sensitivity decreases
D) Specificity decreases

Answer 5

B

Question 6

Which COVID-19 test type detects antibodies to SARS-CoV-2, indicating past infection?
A) PCR
B) Antigen test
C) Serological test
D) Isothermal molecular test

Answer 6

C

Question 7

When is a COVID-19 rapid antigen test most likely to produce a false negative?
A) When taken several days after symptom onset
B) When taken early in the infection
C) When the sample is from a throat swab
D) It rarely produces false negatives

Answer 7

B

Question 8

In pharyngitis management, which sign increases the likelihood of Group A Streptococcus infection?
A) Presence of a cough
B) Absence of fever
C) Tender, enlarged lymph nodes
D) Chronic sore throat lasting more than 10 days

Answer 8

C

Question 9

What is an advantage of using a lower cutoff value in a diagnostic test?
A) Increased specificity
B) Increased sensitivity
C) Fewer false positives
D) Decreased false negatives

Answer 9

B

Question 10

Which of the following is a reason for poor sensitivity in a diagnostic test?
A) The test detects antibodies instead of antigens
B) The cutoff value is set too high
C) The test is performed after symptom onset
D) The prevalence of the disease is high

Answer 10

B

Question 11

Which of the following statements about likelihood ratios is TRUE?
A) They are influenced by disease prevalence
B) A high LR+ means the test is good at ruling out disease
C) LR+ is calculated as sensitivity / (1-specificity)
D) LR- is the probability of a positive test in someone without disease

Answer 11

C

Question 12

What happens to specificity when the cutoff for a test is increased?
A) It decreases
B) It stays the same
C) It increases
D) It has no relationship to cutoff values

Answer 12

C

Question 13

Which type of COVID-19 test can remain positive after the person is no longer infectious?
A) Rapid antigen test
B) PCR test
C) Serology test
D) None of the above

Answer 13

B

Answer 14

C

Question 15

Which insulin pen needle length is appropriate for almost all body types, including children, adults, and obese patients?

A) 10 mm
B) 8 mm
C) 6 mm
D) 4 mm

Answer 15

D

Question 16

What is lipohypertrophy?

A) A skin infection caused by insulin
B) Scar tissue from repeated finger pricks
C) Thickened subcutaneous tissue from repeated insulin injections
D) Bruising at injection sites

Answer 16

C) Thickened subcutaneous tissue from repeated insulin injections

Question 17

Which feature helps patients with needle anxiety by hiding the needle during injection?

A) Thin-walled technology
B) Auto-shield needles
C) Reusable pen
D) Flat injection base

Answer 17

B

Question 18

When should insulin pens be primed?

A) Only when switching to a new pen
B) Only for cloudy insulins
C) Before each injection
D) Once daily

Answer 18

C

Question 19

What is the maximum single injection volume before splitting an insulin dose into two injections is typically recommended?

A) 20 units
B) 30 units
C) 50 units
D) 70 units

Answer 19

C

Question 20

How do modern glucometers detect glucose?

A) Color comparison chart
B) Enzyme-based photometric detection
C) Electrochemical amperometric detection
D) Visual estimation

Answer 20

C

Question 21

Which enzyme is commonly used in glucometers?

A) Glucose kinase
B) Glucose oxidase
C) Lipase
D) Lactase

Answer 21

B

Question 22

What is a limitation of urine glucose testing?

A) Detects hypoglycemia
B) Provides real-time blood glucose data
C) Provides retrospective glucose data only
D) Is more reliable than blood glucose testing

Answer 22

C

Question 23

hich ketone body is measured by capillary blood ketone meters like the Freestyle Precision Neo®?

A) Acetoacetate
B) Acetone
C) β-Hydroxybutyrate
D) Gluconolactone

Answer 23

C

Question 24

Which factor can cause a falsely high blood glucose reading on a glucometer?

A) High hematocrit
B) Low acetaminophen levels
C) High bilirubin levels
D) Hypotension

Answer 24

C

Question 25

What is the main reason 4 mm pen needles are widely recommended for insulin injection in most patients? A) They deliver insulin into muscle tissue B) They reduce the risk of intramuscular injection and are suitable for all body types C) They are less expensive D) They require no priming

Answer 25

B

Question 28

Which feature of insulin pen needles helps reduce injection pain and force required to deliver insulin? A) Flat injection base B) 5-bevel tip design C) Reusable design D) Increased gauge

Answer 28

B

Question 29

What should you do if a patient requires more than 80 units of insulin and their pen only dials to 80? A) Administer remaining units later in the day B) Use a new pen or cartridge for a second injection to complete the dose C) Inject into muscle for better absorption D) Skip the remaining dose

Answer 29

B

Question 30

What co-factor is required for glucose dehydrogenase enzyme function in glucometers? A) FAD B) NAD C) PQQ D) All of the above

Answer 30

D

Question 31

What happens if a patient has a hematocrit above 55% when using a glucometer? A) Falsely high reading B) Falsely low reading C) Accurate reading D) Device error

Answer 31

B

Question 32

Which factor might interfere with both A1C and glucose meter readings? A) Aspirin B) Vitamin C C) Hemoglobin variants D) All of the above

Answer 32

D

Question 33

Which of the following statements about Baqsimi® (intranasal glucagon) is TRUE? A) It requires mixing prior to use B) It’s inhaled deeply through the mouth C) It can be given in one nostril, even if the patient has a cold D) It cannot be used for children

Answer 33

C

Question 34

What is the main disadvantage of urine ketone testing in diabetic patients? A) It’s quantitative B) It can produce false results and lags behind blood ketone levels C) It’s more reliable than blood testing D) It can detect β-hydroxybutyrate

Answer 34

B

Question 35

Which of the following statements about insulin pen needle reuse is TRUE? A) It’s fine to reuse pen needles as long as they’re wiped with alcohol B) Reused needles stay sharp for up to 5 uses C) Reuse can lead to increased risk of lipohypertrophy and reduced insulin delivery D) It’s recommended to reuse pen needles to save money

Answer 35

C

Question 36

Which insulin pen device would be most appropriate for a patient with arthritis requiring less thumb force to inject? A) NovoPen Echo® B) FlexTouch® C) Clikstar® D) HumaPen Memoir®

Answer 36

B - button doesn’t extend up as much

Question 37

Which of the following is a potential cause of falsely high glucose readings on a glucometer? A) High hematocrit B) Ascorbic acid supplementation C) Dehydration D) Low triglycerides

Answer 37

B

Question 38

What does "universality" mean when referring to insulin pen needles? A) They can be reused up to 5 times B) They can be used with any insulin pen brand C) They are disposable after one use D) They work only with specific insulin cartridges

Answer 38

B

Question 39

Which insulin pen device records the last 16 doses, including priming doses? A) NovoPen Echo® B) HumaPen Memoir® C) SoloStar® D) FlexTouch®

Answer 39

B

Question 40

What is the primary purpose of priming an insulin pen? A) Clean the needle B) Ensure accurate, unblocked dose delivery C) Reduce injection pain D) Remove air from the insulin cartridge

Answer 40

B

Question 41

Which of the following is NOT a contributor to falsely high glucometer readings? A) Bilirubin B) Hematocrit >55% C) Ascorbic acid D) Acetaminophen

Answer 41

B

Question 42

Which of the following statements about insulin pen needles is FALSE? A) The higher the gauge number, the thinner the needle B) 4 mm pen needles are suitable for most body types and don’t usually require a skin pinch C) It’s safe to leave a needle attached to an insulin pen for several days D) A 5-bevel needle tip reduces injection force compared to a 3-bevel tip

Answer 42

C) It’s safe to leave a needle attached to an insulin pen for several days (Leaving a needle attached increases risk of leaks, air bubbles, contamination, and insulin degradation.)

Question 43

hich of the following statements about continuous glucose monitoring (CGM) is FALSE? A) CGM measures interstitial fluid glucose, not blood glucose B) CGM readings are always identical to capillary glucose values C) CGM is helpful for detecting trends and glucose variability D) CGM sensors must be replaced regularly

Answer 43

B) CGM readings are always identical to capillary glucose values (There’s a lag — interstitial glucose readings can trail behind blood glucose, especially during rapid changes.)

Question 44

Which of the following statements about glucagon emergency kits is FALSE? A) Baqsimi is an intranasal, single-dose, dry powder glucagon spray B) Injectable glucagon requires reconstitution before use C) Glucagon is safe to administer if a patient is unconscious from hyperglycemia D) After glucagon, the person should be turned on their side to prevent choking

Answer 44

Answer: C) Glucagon is safe to administer if a patient is unconscious from hyperglycemia (In that case, it won’t work — hyperglycemia coma needs urgent hospital care.)