chem Flashcards
(19 cards)
Chemical reactions usually absorb or release energy in the form of _______.
heat
is energy in motion, that is, it flows from one system to another due to differences in temperature.
heat
is a specific part of the universe that is of analytical interest to us.
system
The rest of the universe outside the system is the ______________.
surroundings
These two comprise the universe.
- system
- surroundings
There are three general types of thermodynamic systems:
open, close, and isolated.
there is an exchange of both mass and energy, such as heat, with its surroundings.
open system
there is a transfer of energy but not mass
closed system
there is no transfer of either mass or energy.
isolated system
states that energy can neither be created nor destroyed; it can only be converted from one form to another
Law of conservation of energy
This implies that the total energy of the universe is
constant
Any process that releases heat to the surroundings is called an
exothermic process
a process that absorbs heat, such that heat is supplied to the system by the surroundings, is called an
endothermic process
is the sum of the kinetic energy and potential energy of all components in the system.
Internal energy
is energy due to its position or composition
potential energy
is energy due to the motion of the object and depends on the object’s mass and its velocity.
kinetic energy
Internal energy is an example of a ________
state function
is the sum of the internal energy, E, and the product of its pressure, P, and volume, V.
enthalpy
The amount of energy input needed to break bonds is called the ________________.
bond energy or bond enthalpy,
