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PRELIMS > CHEM SOLUTIONS > Flashcards

CHEM SOLUTIONS Flashcards

1
Q

is a mixture of 2 or more substances in a single phase.

A

solution

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2
Q

One constituent is usually regarded as the __________ and the others as __________.

A

solvent and solutes

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3
Q

the part of a solution that is being dissolved (usually the lesser amount)

A

SOLUTE

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4
Q

the part of a solution that dissolves the solute (usually the greater amount)

A

SOLVENT

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5
Q

Solute + Solvent =

A

Solution

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6
Q

if two liquids dissolve in each other in any proportion as in water and alcohol

A

Miscible

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7
Q

when two liquid components form a single phase when mixed in certain proportions but form two phases when mixed in different proportions like benzene and water

A

Partially Miscible

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8
Q

when two components are insoluble in each other like water and mercury

A

Immiscible

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9
Q

contains the maximum quantity of solute that dissolves at that temperature.

A

Saturated solution

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10
Q

contains less than the maximum amount of solute that can dissolve at a particular temperature

A

Unsaturated solution

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11
Q

contain more solute that a solvent can dissolve at a given temperature

A

Supersaturated solutions

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12
Q

are unstable

only temporary, and usually accomplished in one of two way

A

Supersaturated solutions

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13
Q

when there is evolution of heat during its formation, thus when the components of this solution are mixed, the solution becomes hot, like NaOH in water

A

Exothermic solution

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14
Q

when there is absorption of heat during its formation, thus when the components of this solution are mixed, the solution becomes cold

A

Endothermic solution

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15
Q

a solution which contains a relatively large amount of solute

A

Dilute solution

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16
Q

a solution which contains a relatively large amount of solute

A

Concentrated solution

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17
Q

solution with the same concentration as the standard Normal Saline Solution (0.85 – 0.9% NaCl is isotonic with the concentration of salt in the blood)

A

Isotonic solution

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18
Q

solution whose concentration is lower than the standard

A

Hypotonic Solution

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19
Q

solution whose concentration is greater than the standard

A

Hypertonic Solution

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20
Q

are non-settling.

pass through filters

A

Particles in a solution

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21
Q

are clear even when colored.

A

Solutions

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22
Q

are diffusible

A

Particles in a solution

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23
Q

Movement of a fluid from an area of higher concentration to an area of lower concentration. The particles will mix until they are evenly distributed.

A

Diffusion

24
Q

can undergo osmosis.

A

Solutions

25
Q
  • Properties determined by the number of particles in solution rather than the type of particles.

•Vapor Pressure
•Boiling Point
•Freezing Point
•Osmotic Pressure

A

Colligative Properties

26
Q

of a liquid is the water temperature at which the vapor pressure of the liquid equals the environmental pressure surrounding the liquid

A

Boiling Point

27
Q

describes the phenomenon that the boiling point of a liquid(a solvent) will be higher when another compound is added, meaning that a solution has a higher boiling point than a pure solvent. This happens whenever a non-volatile solute, such as a salt, is added to a pure solvent, such as water

A

Boiling-point elevation

28
Q

also known as equilibrium vapor pressure

is the pressure of a vapor in equilibrium with its non-vapor phases. All liquids and solids have a tendency to evaporate to a gaseous form, and all gases have a tendency to condense back into their original form (either liquid or solid)

A

Vapor pressure

29
Q

is always less than the vapor pressure of a pure solvent

A

Vapor pressure of a solution

30
Q

essentially the same as the melting point of the same substance in its solid form and may be regarded as the temperature at which the solid and liquid states of the substance are in equilibrium.

A

Freezing point of a pure (unmixed) liquid

31
Q

always lower than in pure solvent.

A

Freezing point of solutions of a non-volatile compound

32
Q

describes the phenomenon that the freezing point of a liquid (a solvent) is depressed when another compound is added, meaning that a solution has a lower freezing point than a pure solvent.
This happens whenever a solute is added to a pure solvent, such as water.

A

Freezing-point depression

33
Q

The phenomenon may be observed in sea water, which due to its salt content remains liquid at temperatures below 0°C, the freezing point of pure water.

A

Freezing-point depression

34
Q
  • is the hydrostatic pressure produced by a difference in concentration between solutions on the two sides of a surface such as a semipermeable membrane.
A

Osmotic Pressure

35
Q

higher in solutions of higher concentrations.

A

Osmotic pressure

36
Q

A property of a substance which allows it to form uniform mixtures with other substance or the weight of a substance dissolved by a given weight of volume of solvent at a given temperature.

A

Solubility

37
Q

when a given solute is readily soluble in a given amount of solvent e.g. sugar in water

A

Soluble or very soluble

38
Q

when a given solute in a given amount of solvent with the aid of outside factor such as stirring or shaking e.g. sodium sulfate in water

A

Moderately soluble

39
Q

when the solute is partially dissolved in a given amount of solvent

A

Slightly soluble

40
Q

when a given solute does not dissolve in a given amount of water
e.g. sand in water

A

Insoluble

41
Q

Heating in general decrease the solubility of a gas in liquids
–Increased pressure results in increased solubility of a gas in a liquid

A

Gases

42
Q

–Relative solubilities of two liquids in each other are determined by its degree of similarity
–Liquids of low molecular polarity are readily miscible with each other
–Heat increase the miscibility of liquids

A

Liquids

43
Q

vary in their solubility in liquids
–All Na, K, NH4 compounds are soluble
–All compounds containing halides except of Ag, Hg and Pb are soluble
–All compounds containing nitrates, acetates and chlorates are soluble

A

Solids

44
Q

All sulfate except Ba, Pb and Sr are soluble while Ag and Ca are slightly soluble
–Most oxides, hydroxides, phosphates, carbonates, sulfides except Na, K are insoluble

A

Solids

45
Q

(t/f)

Solubilities of several ionic solid as a function of temperature. MOST salts have greater solubility in hot water.

A

TRUE

46
Q

(t or f)
A few salts have negative heat of solution, (exothermic process) and they become less soluble with increasing temperature.

A

TRUE

47
Q

which states that the amount of solute gas dissolved in solution is directly proportional to the amount of pressure above the solution.

A

Henry’s Law

48
Q

Pulverization or grinding of a solid to fine powder will increase area to the solvent

A

Size of Solute

49
Q

Shaking or stirring bring out about circulation of the solvent and maximum contact between solute and solvent

A

Agitation

50
Q

Heating increases the solubility of most solids

A

Temperature

51
Q

Among the halogens, Fluorine is the most active and combines with Hydrogen with explosive violence

A

Nature of the reactants

52
Q

–This favors reaction. If there is greater contact and collision among the molecules, there is increased reaction velocity.

A

Close Contact

53
Q

(t or f)
Chemical reations proceed more rapidly in higher temperature.

A

TRUE

54
Q

TRUE OR FALSE

•Catalysts
–This speeds up the rate of the reaction. Some catalysts form intermediated product with one of the reactants while others are only contact catalysts. Negative catalysts retard the rate of the reaction.

A

true

55
Q

The more molecules in a definite volume, the greater will the speed of reaction.
–is the measure of how much of a given substance there is mixed with another substance.
–This can apply to any sort of chemical mixture, but most frequently the concept is limited to homogeneous solutions, where it refers to the amount of solute in a substance.

A

Concentration

PRELIMS (18 decks)

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