STAS: Intellectual Revolutions Flashcards
It has been established that most, if not all, of the discoveries and inventions in science and
technology during each time period were due to human needs and wants.
Brilliant minds responded to the call of the times and created things that could make life easier for the people
Scientific Revolution
There have also been instances when advancements in science and technology changed people’s perceptions and beliefs.
Much of these events happened in a period now known as the Intellectual Revolution.
Scientific Revolution
Scientific Revolution is used to refer to the great intellectual achievements of science from
sixteenth to seventeenth century marking a radical change in the assumptions attitudes and methods in scientific inquiry.
Scientific revolution was the golden age for people committed to scholarly life in science but it was also a deeply trying moments to some scientific individuals that led to their painful death or condemnation from the religious institutions who tried to preserve their faith, religion and theological views.
Scientific Revolution
The Scientific Revolution develops as an offshoot of the Renaissance. The same questioning spirit that fueled the Renaissance led scientists to question traditional beliefs and the Church
about the workings of the universe. It was a new way of thinking about the natural world.
Before 1500, the Bible and Aristotle were the only authorities accepted as truth
Scientific Revolution
A geocentric model of the universe, in which the Earth is at the center was supported during the Middle Ages
Until the mid 1500’s, European scholars accepted and believed the teachings of Ptolemy, an ancient Greek astronomer.
Scientific Revolution
Ptolemy taught that the Earth was the center of the universe.
People felt this was common sense, and the geocentric theory was supported by the Church.
Scientific Revolution
It was not until some startling discoveries caused Europeans to change the way they viewed the
physical world.
Scientific Revolution
Industrial revolution- refers to complex technological innovations from 1750 to 1895
characterized by the substitutions of machines for human skill and machine power for that of
human and animal bringing a shift from handicraft to manufacture and marking the birth of modern economy.
industrial revolution
spread new ideas
printing press
opened the minds of European thinkers to
new scientific knowledge
works of Muslim scholars o
Polish mathematician and astronomer who studied in Italy
Nicolaus Copernicus
he believes that The Earth is merely one of several planets revolving around the sun.
Copernicus’ model of the solar system:
1. Sun
2. Moon
3. Mercury
4. Venus
5. Earth
6. Mars
7. Jupiter
8. Saturn
Nicolaus Copernicus
he published De revolutionibus orbium coelestium (On the Revolutions of the
Heavenly Spheres
Nicolaus Copernicus
he use mathematical formulas
Nicolaus Copernicus
conception of the universe marked the start of modern science and astronomy.
Nicolaus Copernicus
people thought that there was a sort of crystal sphere that kept the planets, moon, and stars in orbit around the Earth. It was Copernicus that proposed the idea that the Earth revolved around the sun, and not vice versa… The sun was the center of the Universe, not the Earth.
Nicolaus Copernicus
most of the scholar rejected his theory
Nicolaus Copernicus
Most scholars rejected his theory because it went against Ptolemy, the Church, and because
it called for the Earth to rotate on its axis.
Nicolaus Copernicus
Many scientists of the time also felt that if Ptolemy’s reasoning about the planets was
wrong, then the whole system of human knowledge could be wrong.
Nicolaus Copernicus
was an Italian astronomer who built upon the scientific foundations laid by
Copernicus and Kepler.
Galileo Galilei
was an Italian astronomer who built upon the scientific foundations laid by
Copernicus and Kepler.
Galileo Galile
assembled the first telescope which allowed him to see mountains on the moon and
fiery spots on the sun
Galileo Galile
He also observed four moons rotating around Jupiter – exactly the way Copernicus said the
Earth rotated around the sun.
Galileo Galile
discovered that objects fall at the same speed regardless of weight.
Galileo Galile
The Church punished him for his belief in this idea. He was questioned by the Inquisition and
forced to confess that his ideas were wrong
Galileo Galile
The Church came him Galileo because it claimed that the Earth was fixed and unmoving.
Galileo Galile
When threatened with death before the Inquisition in 1633, ______ recanted his beliefs, even though he knew the Earth moved.
Galileo Galile
was put under house arrest, and was not allowed to publish his ideas.
Galileo Galile
