CPHM: RATES, RATIOS, AND VITAL STATISTICS

Question 1

• also called a proportion if the quotient of the sum of the two numbers. A good example is number of deaths per population

Answer 1

RATIO

Question 2

• ratio involving a time
• count or measurement is observed over a period and then divided by its base or population of observation.

Answer 2

RATE

Question 3

measures the frequency of occurrence of the phenomenon during a given period of time. Deals only with NEW cases.

Answer 3

Incidence Rate

Question 4

• Measures the proportion of the population that exhibits a particular disease at a particular time.
• This can only be determined following a survey of the population concerned.
• Deals with total (OLD and NEW) number of cases

Answer 4

Prevalence rate

Question 5

• Also known as attack rate, case, sickness rate morbidity rate
• It refers to newly discovered cases of a particular disease
• It answers the question “how frequent do cases of a particular disease occur during a given period of time”
• Used when dealing with acute conditions and accidents

Answer 5

INCIDENCE

Question 6

• It refers to the newly discovered and old cases of a particular disease over a population
• Used when dealing with chronic conditions and disabilities
• It answers the question “what proportion of the group or population is actually ill with a particular disease at a point in time.
• Usually determined by means of survey

Answer 6

PREVALENCE

Question 7

• This is a measure of fertility of the population
• The rate is called crude for the following reasons
- Only live births are counted
- The denominator is the total population which includes children, old people and males
- The rate is expressed in population unit of 1000 to make the figures meaningful

Answer 7

CRUDE BIRTH RATE (CBR)

Question 8

• This is a measure of the risk of dying from all causes in a population.

Answer 8

CRUDES DEATH RATE (CDR)

Question 9

statistical values that can be utilized to measure the growth or decline of a population.
- measured by the rate of births or deaths respectively among a population of 1000.
- determined by taking the total number of births or deaths in a population and dividing both values by a number to obtain the rate per 1000.

Answer 9

• The Crude Birth Rate (CBR) and Crude Death Rate (CBR)

Question 10

• Measure the risk of dying due to the process of pregnancy, childbirth and puerperium.
• It also measures the adequacy of maternal health services

Answer 10

MATERNAL MORTALITY RATE (MMR)

Question 11

• Measures the risk of dying due to infancy (under 1 year of age)
• deaths under 1 year of age/ number of live births x 1000

Answer 11

INFANT MORTALITY RATE (IMR)

Question 12

• Measures the risk of dying in the first four weeks of life of the infant (newborn)
• The number of children dying under 28 days of age divided by the number of live births that year
• (Number of infant death / number of life birth) X 1000

Answer 12

NEONATAL MORTALITY RATE

Question 13

• Measures the risk of dying before birth

Answer 13

FETAL DEATH RATE

Question 14

• The word means around the period of birth ( a month or more before births and one month after birth)
• Measures the loss of life in later pregnancy and early infancy.

Answer 14

PERI-NATAL MORTALITY RATE