Chemical Senses

Question 1

What are the 2 chemical senses

Answer 1

Smell

-Taste

Question 2

-Flavors of various food are in large part a combination of their taste and smell.
T/F

Answer 2

T

Question 3

Food taste the same with a cold that . T/F

Answer 3

F

Question 4

Receptors for both smell and taste are ——-receptors Stimulated by molecules in solutions(——and—— for nose and mouth respectively)

Answer 4

chemo

mucus

saliva

Question 5

Receptors for smell and taste are anatomically the same . T/F

Answer 5

F

Question 6

*Smell receptors are distant receptors (—-) and has no relay in the——

Answer 6

Teleceptors

thalamus

Question 7

2 types of smell senes:——- by dogs and—- by humans

Answer 7

macrosmatic

microsmatic

Question 8

The yellow pigmented area in the nasal cavity contains —— cells and——- cells from the olfactory receptors.

Answer 8

supporting

progenitor

Question 9

Each olfactory receptor is a neuron. T/F

Answer 9

T

Question 10

——-is the place in the body where nervous system is closest to the external world.

Answer 10

Olfactory mucus membrane

Question 11

Each olfactory neuron has a short thick—— with an expanded end called an——- from which—- projects to the surface of the——-.

Answer 11

dendrites

olfactory rod

cilia

mucus

Question 12

the cilia of olfactory neurons. Myelinated or unmyelinated

Answer 12

unmyelinated

Question 13

Length and width of the cilia of olfactory neurons is —— long;——um wide

Answer 13

2um

0.1

Question 14

each olfactory receptor has about—— cilia

Answer 14

10-20

Question 15

axons of the olfactory receptor pierces the—— of—— bone and enters the——-

Answer 15

cribiform plate

ethmoid

olfactory bulb

Question 16

One similarity between smell and taste receptors??

Answer 16

Olfactory nerve like Taste receptor cells but unlike most other neurons is constantly replaced in about half a week.

Question 17

——-protein (——) is involved in the replenishment process of olfactory neurons

Answer 17

Bone morphogenic

BMP

Question 18

The olfactory membrane is constantly covered by—— which is produced by ——-which are just under the basal lamina of the membrane.

Answer 18

mucus

Bowmans gland

Question 19

Olfaction bulb lies atop the—— of——- bone

Answer 19

cribriform plate

ethmoid

Question 20

———receives the sensory afferents from the olfactory cells

Answer 20

Olfactory bulb

Question 21

——of olfactory cell project into the roof of the nasal cavity moistened by—-.

Answer 21

Cilia

mucus

Question 22

Central processes of olfactory axons go to——- to synapse With—- of—— &—— cells Which are the—— order neurons/——

Answer 22

glomerulus

dendrites

mitral

tufted

2nd

olfactory nerve (CRNI)

Question 23

Each glomerulus receives afferents from one neuron of the olfactory cell. T/F

Answer 23

F. Each glomerulus receives afferents from several neurons of the olfactory cells

Question 24

In the Olfactory tract to the olfactory cortex there is no major—— relay but There is contra-lateral projection to the——

Answer 24

thalamic

opposite olfactory bulb

Question 25

In humans, olfaction is not necessary for survival. | T/F

Answer 25

T

Question 26

Anosmia is the—- of the sense of smell hyposmia is——- sense of smell dysosmia is a——- sense of smell.

Answer 26

absence impaired distorted

Question 27

—-injury, ——infections,—— of the fossa, and exposure to —— (which destroy the olfactory—-/) all can cause olfactory impairment.

Answer 27

Head upper respiratory tumors; anterior toxic chemicals epithelium

Question 28

some of the turbinates are lined with ——-containing the olfactory receptor cells. -The remainder of the nasal cavity is lined by—-

Answer 28

olfactory epithelium respiratory epithelium

Question 29

The turbinates act as baffles, causing air flow to become—— and thereby to reach the—— regions of the nasal cavity.

Answer 29

turbulent upper

Question 30

The olfactory epithelium consists of three cell types:—— cells,—— cells, and—— receptor cells

Answer 30

supporting basal olfactory

Question 31

Supporting cells are—— epithelial cells lined with—— at their mucosal border and filled with secretory granules.

Answer 31

columnar microvilli

Question 32

Basal cells are located at the—- of the olfactory epithelium and are undifferentiated stem cells that give rise to the——- cells.

Answer 32

base olfactory receptor

Question 33

——-are the site of odorant binding, detection, and transduction.

Answer 33

Olfactory receptor cells

Question 34

Odorant molecules bind to receptors on the——

Answer 34

cilia

Question 35

fractures of the cribriform plate can———

Answer 35

sever olfactory neurons

Question 36

Olfactory nerve axons are myelinated or unmyelinated ???

Answer 36

unmyelinated

Question 37

——are among the smallest and slowest fibers in the nervous system

Answer 37

Olfactory nerve axons

Question 38

The olfactory receptor proteins are coupled to adenylyl cyclase through a—— called ——

Answer 38

G protein Golf

Question 39

Effect of Golf on adenylyl cyclase.

Answer 39

Golf activates adenylyl cyclase.

Question 40

The receptor cell membrane —-larizes and This—- potential brings the——- potential closer to—- and—— the initial segment of the olfactory——

Answer 40

depo receptor membrane threshold depolarizes nerve axon.

Question 41

Olfactory receptor proteins are dedicated to a single odorant. T/F

Answer 41

F.Olfactory receptor proteins are not dedicated to a single odorant, and each protein can respond to a variety of odorants

Question 42

olfactory receptor proteins are selective. | T/F

Answer 42

T

Question 43

clusters of synapses in the olfactory bulb is called a——-

Answer 43

glomeruli

Question 44

The mitral cells are arranged in a—— in the olfactory bulb and have—— dendrites in addition to the—— dendrites.

Answer 44

single layer lateral apical

Question 45

The olfactory bulb also contains —— cells and —- cells that are—— interneurons that make —— synapses on neighboring—— cells.

Answer 45

granule periglomerular inhibitory dendrodendritic mitral

Question 46

The inhibitory inputs from granule and periglomerular cells serve a function similar to that of the—- cells of the—— which isgooood!!!

Answer 46

Horizontal cells retina

Question 47

As the olfactory tract approaches the base of the brain, it divides into two major tracts, a—- tract and a—— tract. - The —— olfactory tract synapses in the—— - The —- olfactory tract projects to the anterior commissure and the——

Answer 47

lateral medial lateral; primary olfactory cortex medial contralateral olfactory bulb.

Question 48

List the parts of the Olfactory cortex: —,—— ,——,—— ,——-

Answer 48

periamygdaloid prepiriform cortex hippocampus entorhinal cortex anterior olfactory nucleus