Sensory Ascending Pathways Flashcards by Iseoluwa Ojo

List the classifications of The ascending sensory pathways according to modalities

And what they transmit

general somatic afferent:transmits sensory info from somatic structures
-general visceral afferents: transmits sensory info from visceral structures

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List the classifications of The ascending sensory pathways according to their anatomical localization.

The anterolateral system (ALS)

The dorsal column–medial lemniscal (DCML) pathway
The somatosensory pathways to the cerebellum.

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ALS is divided into—.

List them

spinothalamic
Spinotectal
Spinomesencephalic
Spinoreticular
Spinohypothalamic

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ALS majorly transmits ——?

majorly pain and temp;crude touch and pressure;some proporioceptor

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DCML is divided into—

List them

fasciculus gracilic
Fasciculus corneatus
Medial lemniscal

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DCML majorly transmits—-?

fine tactile,vibratory and position sense

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SSP stands for —-??

Transmits signals to the ——-

somatosensory pathways

Cerebellum

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SSP is divided into——

List them

anterior spinocerebellar
Posterior spinocerebellar
Rostral spinocerebellar
Cuneocerebellar tracts

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SSP transmits ——-?

primarily proprioception; some pain and pressure

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all the three ascending sensory pathways have their first order neuron cell bodies reside in the———.

dorsal root ganglia

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conscious perception of sensory information from external stimuli is mediated by the ——and——- pathways to the———

spinothalamic

DCML

ventral posteriorlateral nucleus (VPL) of the thalamus.

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Match the follow to their lamina on the dorsal horn of the spinal cord.

Alpha beta mechanoreceptors
Alpha delta mechanoreceptors
Alpha delta pain and cold receptors
C fibers Pain, thermo and mechanoreceptors

3 4 5 and 6

3 and 4

1 and 5

1 and 2

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FIRST ORDER NEURON of ALS is a—— neuron With its cell body located in———

pseudounipolar

dorsal root ganglion.

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SECOND ORDER NEURON of the ALS cell body is located within the———-, and the axon usually——— and ascends

dorsal horn of the spinal cord

decussates

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Which fibers of the ALS pathway becomes the Anterior spinothalamic tract and which fibers becomes the lateral spinothalamic tract

Anterior- Alpha beta

Lateral: C and alpha delta

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——- fibers go through the —— pathway of the spinothalamic tract to synapse in the—— while sending some collaterals to the———. This tract is also known as the ———

A delta

direct

contralateral thalamus

reticular formation.

Neospinothalamic tract

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——— fibers go through the—— pathway of the spinoreticular tract to synapse in the——-, while sending some collaterals to the———. This tract is also known as the ———

C fibers

indirect

reticular formation

thalamic formation,or tectal, or mesencephalic or hypothalamic formation

paleospinothalamic tract

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THIRD ORDER NEURONS of the Neospinothalamic tract’s cell body is in——- and its axon moves—— to terminate in the——-

thalamus

ipsilaterally

somatosensory cortex

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List the IL nuclei that you know?

Centromedial

Parafasciculus

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Fate of the anterior spinothalamic tract.

Its second order neuron Ends in the —— then to the ——-

VPL, and VPI of the thalamus

Somatosensory cortex

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Fate of the C fibers in the thalamus

Its second order neuron Ends in the ——- then to the ——- and —- and ——-

Intralaminar nuclei

Somatosensory cortex

Cingulate gyrus

Anterior insulate vortices

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Fate of the a delta fibers in the thalamus

Its second order neuron Ends in the ——- then to the ——- and —- and ——-

VPL and VPI

Posterior limb of the internal capsule

Corona radiata

SS1 and SS2

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primary somatosensory cortex (S-I) consists of the——- of the—- lobe, which corresponds to Brodmann’s areas———

postcentral gyrus

parietal

3a, 3b, 1, 2.

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secondary somatosensory cortex (S-II) consists of Brodmann’s area—-, located on the——-, at the—- extent of the primary motor and sensory areas.

superior bank of the lateral fissure

inferior

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IL of thalamus lack——-

somatotropic organization

85% of second order neurons of C fibers in ALS terminate in the—— then the —- to——- and the——-(for temperature)

reticular formation intralaminar nuclei of the thalamus cerebral cortex hypothalamus

Conscious PROPRIOCEPTION may be categorized into—— and—- proprioception

static dynamic

Static proprioception is —— | Dynamic proprioception is ——

static : awareness of the position of a body part | -dynamic: awareness of movement of a body part, and balance.

FIRST ORDER NEURONE of the DCML pathway has its cell body located in——-

dorsal root ganglion.

Axon of first order neuron of the DCML pathway enters the dorsal horn of the spinal cord and moves—— to the—— or——, and then synapse in the—— or respectively

ipsilaterally fasciculus gracilis fasciculus cuneatus nucleus gracilis nucleus cuneatus

nucleus gracilis and nucleus cuneatus are found in the ——-

Medulla

axon of the second order neuron of the DCML pathway—— and ascends to terminate in the——-

decussates contralateral thalamus

Which fibers are involved in the dcml pathway?

Adelta and ABeta fibers

Which fasciculus is more medial and which is more lateral

Gracilis is more medial to cuneatus

Cuneatus involves —- part of the body and ——-vertebrae . | Gracilis involve —- part of the body and —— vertebrae

Upper limb and upper thorax ; T6 and above Lower limb and lower thorax; below T6

Which fasciculus is found in the entire length of the spinal cord and where does the other stop?

Gracilis is found in entire length of spinal cord | -Fasciculus cuneatus found in upper 6 thoracic and all cervical

the axons of the second order neurons of the DCML pathway form the——— as they curve——- through the——- to the opposite side. -then they ascend to synapse with the third order neuron in ——-

internal arcuate fibers ventromedially(contralaterally) reticular formation VPL nucleus of thalamus

cell bodies of Third order neurons of the DCML pathway is found in—— and its axons arise from here to terminate in the ———-

VPL nucleus of thalamus primary somatosensory cortex

Brodmann’s area—- receives most of the projections from VPL thalamus

where does initial cortical processing of tactile discrimination input occur??

Brodman’s area 3b

The fibers go from 3b to —- then —-

1 2

Brodman area 1 is to determine——-;while area 2 Is to determine——

texture size and shape

Brodman area 3a receives signals coming from ——- and participates in——

Motor spindles motor functions

some third order neurons from the thalamus terminate directly in the secondary somatosensory cortex . T/F

The sensory—— is a map along the——- of where each part of the body is processed.

homunculus cerebral cortex

Regions of the head are represented in the ———of the postcentral gyrus, whereas those of the upper limb and the trunk are represented in———. - lower limb is represented in the—— of the post central gyrus - perineum is represented in the——-

inferior half its superior half medial surface para central lobule

the body areas with the largest cortical representation in the homunculus are the—- and—-

head upper limb

List the types of pain sensation, describe them, which type of tissue the occur in,what nerve fiber they use,and their NT

* Fast pain – sharp, electric pricking and acute pain ;Occur mainly in superficial tissues;Adelta; Neospinothalamic; Glutamate * Slow pain – burning, aching and chronic pain;Occur mostly in the deep tissues;C fibers ; Paleospinothalamic; Substance P

Some internal organs that detect pain sensation include ??

periosteum;joint capsule;arterial walls,etc

The spinomesencephalic fibers can terminate in the——- or in the——- and could also terminate in the——-

periaqueductal gray matter (pag) midbrain raphe nuclei.(RN) parabrachial nucleus(pbn)

periaqueductal gray matter and the midbrain raphe nuclei are involved in ———- system

descending pain inhibiting system

parabrachial nucleus sends fibers to the——- which is a component of the—— system that is associated with——-

amygdala limbic emotions associated with pain

The spinotectal fibers terminate mainly in the—- layers of the——

deep superior colliculus(SC).

The superior colliculus has the reflex function of———?

turning the upper body, head, and eyes in the direction of a painful stimulus.

The spinohypothalamic fibers ascend to synapses in the—— with neurons that give rise to the—— -this pathway controls——— responses to pain

hypothalamus hypothalamospinal tract. autonomic

The VPI nucleus projects mostly to the——, although some of its fibers terminate in the——

S-II S-I.

The IL nuclei send fibers to the——-, the—- and——, as well as to the——,——and the——

striatum S-I, S-II cingulate gyrus anterior insulate cortices prefrontal cortex

CNS can prevent the flow of some of the incoming pain signals at the local circuitry level of the——- and ———-of the——-

spinal cord dorsal horn spinal trigeminal nucleus brainstem

CNS can also modulate pain at the level of the descending—— and——- analgesia-producing pathways that originate in the——-

opioid nonopioid brainstem

Gate control theory holds that pain of C fibers—— in the spinal cord by——- like by——

may be blocked other nerves from the same area rubbing the area

Effect of rubbing a painful area on pain?

Rubbing a painful area reduces the sensation of pain.

it has been proposed that the—— (lamina—) of the dorsal horn gray matter is the site where pain is transmitted to the spinothalamic pain and temperature pathway neurons

substantia gelatinosa (lamina II)

normally, C and Adelta work in SG by———— and simultaneously ——-spinothalamic tract neuron that projects to the thalamus ; but when the—- fibers are activated, they———

inhibiting the inhibitory interneurons activating the second order touch activate the inhibitory interneurone and the second order neuron.

inhibitory interneuron through ——- of the C/Adelta and Abeta/Adelta prevent—— from reaching the———

presynaptic inhibition impulses second order neurone

List the Three groups of related endogenous opioid peptides have been identified?

enkephalins,beta-endorphins, dynorphins.

frontal cortex is also called ——?

telencephalon

hypothalamus is also called ——-?

diencephalon

During a stressful or emotional experience, regions associated with the processing of emotions like, the———,the—-, and the —— project to and stimulate the enkephalin-releasing neurons of the periaqueductal gray matter and other nearby regions of the midbrain.

telencephalon diencephalon limbic system

The descending pain inhibitory pathway is made up of fibers from which structures???

``` Periaqueductal gray matter Perivascular gray matter Locus correolus Paragigantocellularis nucleus Ralphe nucleus ```

Perivascular gray matter surrounds which ventricle?

Third ventricle

Paragigantocellularis nucleus is from the ???

rostral medullary reticular formation

The descending pain inhibiting neurons release ———or ——-on the inhibitory interneurons

Serotonin or norepinephrine

The inhibitory neurons release opiods like —- or non opiods like ——

Endorphins GABA

The axons of the serotonin-releasing neurons are from the ——and the——-

raphe nucleus magnus nucleus gigantocellularis

interneurones establish—— synapses with the central processes of the Adelta and C fibers first order neurons

axoaxonic

Nalxone Is an——-?

opiod antagonist

Another brainstem region, the——- and locus coreolus are the sites of origin of norepinephrine releasing neurons

dorsolateral pontine reticular formation

Norepinephrine-releasing neurons release NE on inhibitory neurons that may release ——-,thus ultimately leading to the inhibition of the second order neurone in lamina —

GABA V

Effect of naloxone on gaba releasing interneurons?? | And why?

Nothing | Because gaba isn’t an opiod

The——- is the site in the cortex where processing of pain localization, intensity, quality, and sensory integration takes place at the conscious level.

postcentral gyrus

In pain ascending pathways , S-I sends fibers to—- and we believe that it plays an important role in the——-

S-II memory of sensory input

Heart pain also called ——- is usually felt down the inside of the——

angina left arm

Referred pain is caused due to—- and—— nerves synapsing in the—— with the same nerve going to the cortex

visceral somatic spinal column

Visceral pain are transmitted by —- fibers?

C fibers

General visceral afferent nociceptive information from visceral structures of the trunk is carried mostly by type C,—-, or—- fibers.

Aβ Aδ

dorsolateral fasciculus is also called the——?

tract of lissauer

The dorsal column system consists mainly of group— and—— nerve fibers

I | II

The anterolateral system consists mainly of group— and group —- fibers

III IV

Sensory Ascending Pathways Flashcards

(88 cards)