Sensory Physiology intro Flashcards by Iseoluwa Ojo

What is SOMATIC SENSATION

Nervous mechanisms that collect sensory information from the body.

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Types of SOMATIC SENSATION

mechanosensation
thermosensation
pain sensation (noiceosensation)
extereosensation
viscerosensation
deep sensations from muscle,bone, or fascia

intereosensation

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What are MODALITIES OF SENSATION

Each principal type of sensation is called a modality of sensation

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nerve fibers can transmit various modalities

T/F

F. nerve fibers only transmit impulses

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Specificity of nerve fibers for transmitting only one modality of sensation is called

“ labeled Line Principle”

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SENSORY RECEPTORS first generate——- before——

receptor potential

action potential

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What is signal transduction

converting stimulus to electrical signal

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Types of Exteroceptors

And define them

teleoreceptors: receptors that respond to distant external stimuli
- contact receptor: require direct contact of the stimulus with the body.

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What is Proprioception

Proprioception: transmit sensory information from muscles, tendons, and joints about the position of a body part, such as a limb in space.

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Types of Proprioception

And define them

static position

-kinesthetic position

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Is the the vestibular system considered a Proprioceptor?
If yes, why
If no, why

Yes.

the vestibular system in the ear relaying info on orientation,movement and balance

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Mechanoreceptors detect ——-

Thermoreceptors detect———-

Nociceptors detects ————

Electromagnetic / Photoreceptors detect——

chemoreceptors detect ——-

mechanical deformation of receptors or tissues adjacent to the receptor

detects changes in temperature

detect damages occurring in the tissues which could be mechanical or chemical.

detect light on retina

detect taste in mouth and smell in nose, and stuff in blood

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MECHANORECEPTORS may be encapsulated or non-encapsulated

T/F

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Examples of encapsulated and non-encapsulated Mechanoreceptors

Encap: pacinian,meissner,ruffinian

Non encap: free nerve endings,petrichial nerve,Merkel’s discs

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Of the Mechanoreceptors, which are slow adapting and which are fast adapting

Slow: free nerve ending,Merkel’s,ruffinian

Fast:petrchial,meissner, pacinian

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Of the Mechanoreceptors, state the fibers of each

A delta and C fibers = free nerve endings

The rest are A beta fibers

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Presence of Schwann cells in free nerve endings

T/F

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Lack of myelin sheath in free nerve endings

T/F

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Describe petrichial nerve endings

free nerve endings that wrap around the bases of hair follicles below its sebaceous gland

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What stimulates petrichial nerve fibers

stimulated when hair is being bent

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Location of free nerve endings Mechanoreceptors

present in dermis, epidermis, cornea, dental pulp, and mucous membrane of everywhere

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Merkel’s discs are also called?

Tactile receptors

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Describe Merkel’s discs

disc shaped peripheral nerve endings

Each disc-shaped terminal is associated with a specialized epithelial cell, the Merkel cell, located in the stratum basale of the epidermis.

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Where do we have more of Merkel’s discs

Hairless or Hairy skin?

Hairless skin

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Another name for hairless is ?

Glaborous

Location of Meissner’s corpuscles

present in the dermal papillae of glabrous skin of the lips, forearm, palm, and sole, and in the connective tissue papillae of the tongue

Contents of Meissner’s capsule

unmyelinated axon terminals,Schwann, lamellar flattened cells,

Capsule of meissner’s corpuscles are continuous with the endoneurium T/F

Meissner’s corpuscles are especially sensitive to ——?

sensitive to two-point touch discrimination

Which Mechanoreceptor is of great importance to the visually impaired, permitting them to read Braille

Meissner’s corpuscles

Largest of the mechanoreceptors is ???

Pacinian corpuscles

Describe the Pacinian corpuscles

- resemble an onion in cross-section. | - modified fibroblasts form the layers (lamella)of the onions

Location of Pacinian corpuscles

dermis,hypodermis,external genitalia,ligaments,peritoneum, and even in the pancreas

Pacinian corpuscles respond to —- stimulus

pressure,vibratory, and tickling sensations

Location of Ruffini’s end organs.

the dermis, and the underlying hypodermis of hairy skin.

Describe Ruffini’s end organs. And say what they respond to

They intertwine around the core of collagen fibers, which is surrounded by a lamellated cellular capsule. -respond to stretching of collagen fibers in the skin and ligaments and may provide proprioception info

Ruffini’s end organs can’t provide proprioception information T/F

F. They can

Thermoreceptors: | Fast or slow adapting

slow adapting

Types of Thermoreceptors

cold receptors warm receptors temperature sensitive noiceceptors

temperature sensitive noiceceptors is sensitive to——-

extreme temperatures

Types of fibers found with cold receptors and warm receptors

cold receptors:Adelta | -warm receptors: C

Type of fibers associated with Nociceptors are?

type Aδ fibers and C fibers

Which are more common | Cold or heat receptors

cold thermoreceptors 3.5 times more common than heat receptors.

Nociceptors are sensitive to———

sensitive to noxious or painful stimuli.

Nociceptors are found in ——

found in the epidermis, dermis,muscle,joint capsule, cornea.

All noiceoceptors are sensitive to only one type of painful stimuli T/F

F. -most noiceoceptors are sensitive to one type of painful stimuli but some can respond to two or more

Types of noiceoceptors and the fibers they are associated with and what stimulus they respond to

mechanosensitive noiceoceptors:Adelta;intense mechanical stimulation or injury to tissues;pinch with pliers thermosensitive: Adelta;intense heat or cold polymoidal: Cfibers; noxious stimuli that are mechanical,chemical or thermal in nature

Receptor potential is also called——

generator potential

Immediate effect of the stimulus on a receptor is to——-

is to change membrane potential of the receptor

Threshold of receptor potential is —-?

100mV

Relationship between intensity of receptor potential and frequency of action potential generated is???

Directly proportional.. Higher the rp rises above threshold,the higher the frequency of AP

Mechanism of receptor potential generation ???

Mechanical deformation by stretching the receptor membrane - Chemical changes by opening the ion channel - Change in temperature to alter the membrane permeability

RECEPTOR ADAPTATION is the ——- following continuous application of a stimulus

Decline in frequency of receptor firing

non-adapting fibers are also called Rapid adapting fibers are also called

Tonic fibers | Phasic fibers

Example of non adapting receptors

pain receptors, baroreceptors and chemoreceptors

Examples of fast adapting receptors

Tactile receptors

Examples of slow adapting receptors

golgi tendon and muscle spindle and receptors of the macula in the vestibule apparatus

Functions of sensory nerves of Muscle spindles and Golgi tendon organs

detect sensory input from the skeletal muscle and transmit it to the spinal cord where it plays important roles that involve the cerebellum

Sensory input from Muscle spindles and Golgi tendon organs is related through which pathway to reach the cortex?

DCML pathway

Differences and similarities between nuclear bag fibers and nuclear chain fibers

D: bag detect onset of stretch with AAlpha group 1a fibers while chain detect stretch in progress with Aalpha group 1b fibers S: they are both rapid adapting

hair cells on the organ of Corti is an example of — receptor

Mechanoreceptor

Sensory transduction is the process by which an——- activates a——- and is converted into——

environmental stimulus receptor electrical energy

Receptor potentials are graded. | T/F

The smaller the receptive field, the—— the sensation can be——-

more precisely localized or identified

the higher the order of the CNS neuron, the——— the receptive field

more complex

Most rapidly of all mechanoreceptors is —-??

Pacinian corpuscles

Classify the following in terms of adaptation and hairy or hairless skin ``` Pacinian corpuscle Meissner corpuscle Hair follicles Ruffini corpuscle Merkel receptors Tactile discs ```

``` Subcutaneous Very rapidly Nonhairy skin Rapidly Hairy skin Rapidly Hairy skin Slowly Nonhairy skin Slowly Hairy skin Slowly ```

Tactile disc is like —— mechanoreceptor but is found in —— skin instead

Merkel’s disc Hairy

At moderate temperature range e.g., at 36°C, ——thermo receptor is active

Both

warm receptors signal pain from extreme heat. | T/F

F. warm receptors do not signal pain from extreme heat

—— receptor signals pain from extreme heat.

Polymodal receptors

why do people describe the taste of chili peppers as “hot.”

Transduction of warm temperatures involves tran sient receptor potential (TRP) channels in the family of vanilloid receptors (i.e., TRPV). These channels are activated by compounds in the vanilloid class, which includes capsaicin, an ingredient in spicy foods

Sensory Physiology intro Flashcards

(72 cards)