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NBE/MO Funeral Service State Board Exams > Chemistry > Flashcards

Chemistry Flashcards

1
Q

Acids

A

A substance that yields hydrogen or hydronium ions in aqueous solution

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2
Q

Adipocere/Gravewax

A

A wax-like material produced by saponification of body fat in a body buried in alkaline soil

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3
Q

Alcohols

A

An organic compound containing one or more hydroxyl (-OH) groups

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4
Q

Aldehyde

A

An organic compound containing one or more -CHO groups

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5
Q

Amines

A

An organic compound containing nitrogen; any compounds formed from ammonia by replacement of one or more hydrogen atoms by organic radicals
R-NH2

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6
Q

Amino Acid

A

The building blocks of proteins; a compound containing an amino group (-NH2), a carboxyl group (-COOH) attached to an alpha carbon and a radical

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7
Q

Amphoteric /Amino Acid

A

Any compound that can act as both an acid and a base solution

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8
Q

Anticoagulants

A

Chemicals used to keep the blood in the liquid state; chemical agents that Reatard, the tendency of the blood to become more viscous by natural post, Mortem processes, and/or other adverse reactions between the blood and the other embalming chemicals

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9
Q

Arterial/Vascular fluid

A

The concentrated, preservative, embalming chemical that will be diluted with water (or another appropriate vehicle such as alcohol) to form the arterial solution for injection into the arterial/vascular system during arterial/vascular embalming

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10
Q

Atom

A

The smallest particle of an element that has all the properties of the element

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11
Q

Autolysis

A

Self digestion or self destruction of the body by autolytic enzymes

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12
Q

Autopsy chemicals

A

Those chemicals specifically designed for use in the preparation of bodies following an autopsy

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13
Q

Bases

A

A substance that yields hydroxide ions in aqueous solution

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14
Q

Biochemistry

A

That branch of chemistry dealing with compounds produced by living organisms

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15
Q

Boiling

A

The rapid passage of liquid particles to the vapor state by forming bubbles through the action of heat. The term for the point of equilibrium between the liquid and gas states of matter, and typically employed when the temperature is increasing.

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16
Q

Buffers

A

Substances that in solution are capable of neutralizing, within limits, both acids, and thereby maintaining the original, or constant pH, of the solution

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17
Q

Carbohydrates

A

A compound of hydrogen, Corbin, and oxygen that is an aldehyde or ketone derivative of polyhydroxyl alcohol (sugars, starches, and glycogen)

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18
Q

Carbonyl group

A

A chemical group composed of one carbon atom double bonded to oxygen

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19
Q

Cavity fluid

A

Concentrated embalming chemicals, which are injected into the cavities of the body, following aspiration in cavity embalming. These fluids can also be used for service in hypodermic in bombing of the problem areas.

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20
Q

Chemical changes

A

A change in which a new substance or substances are produced that have entirely different properties from the composition has changed

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21
Q

Chemical properties

A

Characteristics that can be observed, when a substance is interacting with other substances, resulting in a change of chemical composition

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22
Q

Chemistry

A

The branch of natural science, that is concerned with the description, in classification of matter, with the changes, that matter, undergoes, and with the energy associated with each of these changes

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23
Q

Coagulation

A

The process of converting soluble proteins into install you will protein bar heating or buy contact with a chemical such as an alcohol or an aldehyde

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24
Q

Colloid

A

A solution-like system, in which the size of the solute particles is between one and 100 nanometers. Particles of saw you pass through filters, but not membranes.

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25
Q

Combustion

A

The rapid oxidation or burning that produces heat and light

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26
Q

Compounds

A

A substance consisting of two or more atoms combine chemically in definite proportions by mass

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27
Q

Concentrated solution

A

A solution containing a relatively large amount of solute

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28
Q

Concentrations

A

The ratio of mass, or volume of a solute to the mass, or volume of the solution or solvent

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29
Q

Condensation

A

A change of state of matter from a gas to a liquid

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30
Q

Crystallization

A

The process by which a substance is given definite form

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31
Q

Decay

A

The gradual decomposition of dead organic matter by the enzymes of aerobic bacteria

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32
Q

Dehydration/desiccation

A
  • The removal of water from a substance
  • Dehydration is generally used to indicate the natural loss of water
  • Desiccation is used when a substance is intentionally caused to lose water as in a desiccator
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33
Q

Denaturation

A

The distribution and breakdown of the secondary structure of a protein by heat or chemicals

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34
Q

Deodorants

A

Chemicals having the capability of displacing and unpleasant odor for of altering and unpleasant odor, so that it is converted to a more pleasant one

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35
Q

Dialdehyde

A

Inorganic compound, containing two aldehyde (-CHO) radicals

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36
Q

Diffusion

A

The movement of molecules or other particles in solution from an area of greater concentration to an area of lesser concentration until uniform concentration is reached

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37
Q

Dilute solution

A

Hey solution containing relatively small amount of solute

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38
Q

Dyes

A

A natural or synthetic compound that is used to import color to another material

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39
Q

Elements

A

A simple substance which cannot be decomposed by ordinary chemical means

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40
Q

Embalming chemistry

A

The study of those types of matter and changes in matter related to the disinfection and preservation of human remains

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41
Q

Embalming fluids

A

The fluids specifically designed for preservation and disinfection purposes

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42
Q

Enzyme

A

A proteins that acts as a biological catalyst

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43
Q

Ester

A
  • A compound with the general formula ROOR’ (R is a hydrocarbon group or a hydrogen and R’ is a hydrocarbon group)
  • it is formed from an alcohol and an organic or a carboxylic acid by removal of water/dehydration
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44
Q

Fats

A

A common name for a triacylglycerol that is a semi solid or solid at room temperature in contains a high percentage of saturated fatty acids

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45
Q

Fermentation

A

The microbial/enzymatic decomposition of carbohydrates under anaerobic conditions

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46
Q

Formalin

A

Formaldehyde gas dissolved in water at 37% by weeks and 40% by volume

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47
Q

Formaldehyde demand/glutaraldehyde demand

A

That amount of formaldehyde necessary to overcome any nitrogen residue and cause the body proteins to be coagulated

48
Q

Freezing

A
  • A change of state of matter from a liquid to a solid by the loss of heat
  • The term for the points of equilibrium between the solid and liquid state and typically employed when the temperature is decreasing
49
Q

Gases

A
  • A state of matter in which the atoms or molecules move about in almost complete freedom from one another
  • Gases have no definite shape or volume and assume the shape and volume of their container by diffusing uniformly throughout the container
50
Q

Hardness of water

A

The condition of water that results from dissolved minerals in metallic ions such as calcium and magnesium

51
Q

Humectants

A

Chemicals that increase the capability of embalmed tissues to retain moisture

52
Q

Hydrates

A

A compound in which there is a chemical union between water and certain substances when they crystallize

53
Q

Hydrolysis

A
  • A chemical reaction in which a substance is broken down or disassociated by water;
  • A reaction between a salt and water to yield in acid and a base of an equal strengths
54
Q

Hypertonic solution

A

A solution having a greater concentration of dissolved solute than the solution to which it is compared

55
Q

Hypotonic solution

A

A solution having a lesser concentration of dissolved solute than the solution to which it is compared

56
Q

Imbibition

A

The swelling and softening of tissues and organs as a result of absorbing moisture from adjacent sources

57
Q

Inorganic chemistry

A

That branch of chemistry, that studies, the properties and reactions of elements, excluding organic or certain carbon-containing compounds

58
Q

Ion

A
  • an atomic or molecular species with a positive/cation or negative/anion electrical charge
  • An atom of an element or a group of atoms acting as one unit that has lost or gained an electron or elements and exhibits a change
59
Q

Isotonic solution

A

A solution, having an equal concentration of dissolved solute as the solution to which it is compared

60
Q

Ketones

A

Any class of organic compounds containing a Carbonyl group (C double bond O) who is carbon atom is joined to two other carbon atoms; the Carbonyl group occurs within the carbon chain

61
Q

Lethal dose 50% (LD50)

A

The amount of poison or radiation that will kill 50% of the group to which it was administered

62
Q

Liquids

A

Is substance that flows readily but does not seem to expand indefinitely

63
Q

Matter

A

Anything that has mass and occupies space

64
Q

Melting

A

The change in state from a solid to a liquid

65
Q

Metal

A
  • An element marked by luster, malleability, ductility, and conductivity of heat and electricity.
  • metallic elements tend to form positive ions
66
Q

Mixtures

A

A combination of two or more substances, not chemically United, or not in definite proportion by mass

67
Q

Minimum lethal dose (MLD)

A

The smallest dose of poison or radiation on record that produces death

68
Q

Modifying agents

A

Chemicals for which there may be greatly varying demands predicted upon the type of embalming, the environment and the arterial fluid to be used

69
Q

Molecule

A

The smallest unit of a compound which can exist alone; handed in aggregation of atoms, thank you specifically a chemical of two or more atoms for a specific chemical substance

70
Q

Neutralization

A

The reaction of an acid and a base to produce salt and water

71
Q

Nonmetal

A
  • Any element that is not a metal
  • Nonmetals tend to form negative ions
72
Q

Oils

A

A common name for Triacyglycerol there is a liquid at room temperature, and contains a higher percentage of unsaturated fatty acids

73
Q

Organic chemistry

A

That branch of chemistry that deals with certain carbon containing compounds

74
Q

Osmosis

A

The passage of pure solvent from a solution of Lesley solute concentration to one of greater saw you concentration, when the two solutions are separated by semi permeable membrane, which selectively prevents the passage of solute molecules, but it is permeable to the solvent

75
Q

Oxides

A

A compound consisting of oxygen combine with only one other element

76
Q

Parts per million (ppm)

A
  • A method of expressing low concentrations
  • 1 ppm=1 mg/liter
77
Q

Peptide bond

A

A bond formed from a dehydration reaction between the amino group on one amino acid with the carboxyl (organic acid) group on the other amino acid

78
Q

Periodic table

A
  • The tabular arrangement of the elements in order of increasing atomic number
  • This arrangement allows the columns of the elements to represent the periodic recurrence of similar properties
79
Q

Physical changes

A

A change in the form of state of matter without any change and chemical composition

80
Q

Physical properties

A

Properties of a substance that are observed without a change and chemical position which include color, older, taste, solubility, density, hardness, melting point, and boiling point

81
Q

Poison

A

Any substance that perils health or life when absorbed into the body

82
Q

Polymerization

A

The linking together of monomers, or basic chemical units to form a polymer

83
Q

Preinjection fluids/primary injection/capillary wash

A

Fluid designed to clear the vascular system of blood and enable the arterial solution to distribute with greater facility

84
Q

Preservatives

A

Components of embalming solutions used to un activate, the active chemical compounds of proteins and amino acids, to inhibit decomposition; to kill microorganisms, distraught odors, and illuminate there further formation, and inactivate enzymes

85
Q

Primary injection/Preinjection

A
  • The first or initial injection
  • May or may not contain preservatives
86
Q

Properties

A

Characteristics by which substances may be identified

87
Q

Protein

A

A biological component that is a polymer of many amino acids

88
Q

Putrefaction

A

The decomposition of proteins by the action of enzymes of anaerobic bacteria

89
Q

Quaternary ammonium compounds

A

Surface active agents that are generally used for disinfection of skin, oral and nasal cavities, as well as instruments

90
Q

Restorative fluids

A

Supplemental fluids that may enhance arterial fluids by the addition of special chemicals such as humectants

91
Q

Salts

A

Any group of substances that result from the reaction between acids and bases, other than water

92
Q

Saponification

A

The reaction between a fat in a strong base to produce glycerol and the salt of a fatty acid (soap)

93
Q

Saturated solution

A

A solution containing all of the solute solvent, is able to hold at a certain temperature and pressure

94
Q

Secondary injection

A

That injection taking place after the primary injection

95
Q

Simple lipids

A

A compound who’s hydraulic products are fatty acids and alcohols

96
Q

Solids

A

The condensed state of matter having a definite shape and volume

97
Q

Solidification

A

The conversion of a liquid or a gas into a solid form

98
Q

Solubility

A

The measure of how will two substances mix

99
Q

Solute

A
  • A substance dissolved in a solvent to form a solution
  • The components of a solution present in a lesser amount
100
Q

Solution

A

A homogeneous mixture of one or more substances (solutes) dissolved in a sufficient quantity of solvent

101
Q

Solvent

A

A substance that does the dissolving in a solution; the component of a solution present in a greater amount

102
Q

State of matter

A
  • A physical property of matter (solid liquid, or gas)
  • Condition of phase in the physical composition of a substance at a given temperature and pressure
103
Q

Sublimation

A

A physical change of state during which a substance changes directly from a solid to a gas

104
Q

Supplemental fluids/accessory chemicals

A
  • Fluid injected for purposes other than preservation and disinfection
  • Can be either pre-injection, coinjection, and humectants or restorative fluids
105
Q

Substrate

A

The material upon which an enzyme works

106
Q

Surface tension

A

The force that acts on the substance of a liquid intends to minimize surface area

107
Q

Surfactants/surface tension reducers/ wetting agents/ penetrating agents

A

Chemicals that will reduce the molecular cohesion of a liquid and enable it to flow through smaller apertures

108
Q

Suspension

A
  • A mixture of a solute, and a solvent, in which the size of the solute particles is greater than 100 nm
  • Particles of saw you do not pass through filters or membranes
109
Q

Thanatochemistry

A

The study of those physical and chemical changes in the human body that are caused by the process of death

110
Q

Toxin

A

A poisonous substance produced by plants, animals, or pathogenic bacteria that is toxic to humans

111
Q

Unsaturated solution

A

A solution containing a list of the solute than can be held in solution by the solvent

112
Q

Urotropin/methanamine

A
  • The neutralization of product of formaldehyde and ammonia
  • C6H12N4
113
Q

Vaporization

A

The physical change from a liquid to a gas

114
Q

Vehicles

A
  • Liquids that serve a solvent for the numerous ingredients incorporated in embalmings solutions
  • usually water, sometimes alcohol
115
Q

Viscosity

A

The resistance that a liquid exhibits to the flow of one layer over another arising from the molecular attraction between molecules of a liquid

116
Q

Wax

A

A type of lipid formed from the combination of unsaturated and or saturated, fatty acids and high molecular weight alcohols (not glycerol)

NBE/MO Funeral Service State Board Exams (24 decks)

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