Practice NBE Sciences Questions Flashcards
1
Q
The first portion of the male urethra is…
A
Prostatic urethra
2
Q
A reduction in white blood cell count is…
A
Leukopenia
3
Q
Infiltration and degeneration of the walls of the arteries by fatty compounds is called
A
Artherosclerosis
4
Q
A bacterial toxins confined within the body of a bacterium, freed only when the bacterium is broken down and found only in Gram-negative bacteria is called a…
A
Endotoxin
5
Q
A condition in which bacteria are present and multiply in the bloodstream is called
A
Septicemia
6
Q
Another term for jaundice is…
A
Icterus
7
Q
Diabetes mellitus is associated with the malfunction of which gland?
A
The pancreas
8
Q
A localized infection due to the reactivation of the dormant varicella zoster virus is termed…
A
Shingles
9
Q
Any surface, prominence, or a structure used for establishing the location of an adjacent structure or prominence is
A
Anatomical Guide
10
Q
The primary purpose of embalming is…
A
disinfection?
11
Q
Chemicals, creating an increased capability for embalmed tissues, to retain their moisture is termed…
A
humectants
12
Q
Lockjaw is the common name for the disease…
A
Tetanus
13
Q
Addison’s disease causes the skin to turn what color…
A
Bronze
14
Q
The height of a person is approximately X his or her head length
A
7 1/2-8?
15
Q
The color combination of one dormant Hugh, with the two Hughes on either side of its complement is called a
A
Split Compliment
16
Q
When viewed from below, the typical shape of the mandible is
A
horseshoe
17
Q
Heavy metals are no longer using embalming chemicals, because…
A
They are forbidden
18
Q
A colostomy is usually associated with
A
19
Q
A post Mortem change in the human body that is classified as a chemical change is…
A
20
Q
Formaldehyde demand is increased by
A
21
Q
After death, the pH of human blood is generally…
A
22
Q
Walling off action is caused by
A
23
Q
What is thymol used for?
A
24
Q
The fibula has no osseous attachment with the femur: true or false
A
25
If an individual is suffering from a right side heart disorder, how will this affect the make up of your arterial solution?
26
Discoloration resulting when formaldehyde reacts with hemoglobin in the tissues is
Formaldehyde gray
27
Which of the following conditions would require special attention during thoracic cavity embalming
Hydrothorax and Hydropericardium
28
Escape of blood serum from the intravascular to an extra vascular location immediately before death is
Agonal edema
29
Alternate drainage
Method of injection drainage which embalming solution is injected, and then injection is stopped while drainage is open
30
Intermittent drainage
Method of drainage in which the drainage is stopped at intervals, while the injection continues
31
An anti-enzyme is any substance which
Inactivated enzymes
32
Aliphatic compounds are
Straight or branched chains
33
Amino acids act as an acid or a base, such substances are
Amphoteric: consist of both acid and base parts
34
Amines are further reduced by putrefaction to
Ammonia
35
In comparing solutions, the one with a lower concentration is
Hypotonic
36
Grave wax results from
The saponification of fatty acids
37
Wood alcohol is
Methanol/methyl alcohol
Poisonous/toxic
An anti-polymerizing agent in arterial fluids (helps arterial stay in liquid state)
Disinfectant/preservative
Vehicle
38
Ptomaines are
Amines
Poisons
Absorbed through the skin
39
An example of a hydrocarbon is
Methane
40
The type of fluid most likely to contain bleaching agents
Jaundice fluids
41
Which of the following has a pleasant odor?
Benzaldehyde
42
Decay is caused by
Aerobic bacteria (no odor)
Anaerobic bacteria cause putrefaction (decay with an odor)
43
Proteins are held together by
Peptide bonds
44
Penetration and diffusion of embalming fluids is aided by
Surfactants: wetting agents/ penetrating agents
45
Which of the following is not a modifying agent?
Preservative
46
Carbohydrates are
Polysaccharides
47
Ammonia will react with formaldehyde and will do what?
Neutralize the formalin solution
48
Organic bases are
Amines
49
A carbonyl group is
Carbon double bond Oxygen
50
Lipids hydrolyze to fatty acids and
Alcohols
51
EDTA works by
- sequestering (isolate) ions which coagulate blood
- EDTA is a sodium salt that combines with calcium ions to prevent blood coagulation (clotting) and also removes hardness from water (Dodge retifiant)
52
The shelf life of embalming fluids can be increased by
Storing them away from light
53
Phenol is
- carbolic acid
- hydroxyl benzene
- a disinfectant and preservative
54
When two pigment hues are placed together or one is placed on top of another, and both are viewed simultaneously, the arrangement is called:
Juxtaposition
55
How many colors are in the prang system?
12
56
The single intradermal suture is known as
Hidden suture
57
Sodium citrate when used in embalming fluid acts as
A surfactant
58
An inflammation of the lining of the uterus is
endometritis
59
Inflammation of the nasal mucosa
Sinusitis
60
A sebaceous gland would be classified as
exocrine
61
inflammation of the bone marrow cavity is
osteomyelitis
62
Diminished amount of urine formation is called
oliguria
63
The widest part of the face is measured between the
zygomatic arches
64
The head of a long bone could be also known as
epiphysis
65
Asphyxia as a result of an obstruction in the air passages is
Smothering
66
Of the types of body compounds, the type that decomposes first are
carbohydrates
67
Of the types of body compounds, the type that decomposes first are
carbohydrates
68
Maxillary prognathism is a projection of the
upper jaw
69
What is a causative organism in amebic dysentery
entamoeba histolytica
70
The artery located along the inferior-medial border of the psoas major muscle is
external iliac
71
Most arboviral infections are transmitted by
mosquitos; biological vector
72
Sodium lauryl sulfate is
surfactant
73
Diminished amount of urine formation is
Oliguria
74
Proteins are cross linked by a methylene bridge
Between O atoms on different proteins
75
A genus of gram-positive, nonmotile, opportunistic bacteria which tend to aggregate in irregular grapelike clusters is called:
staphylococcus
76
A prion is an abnormal
Protein
77
The head of the femur articulates with the focal bones of the femur
Acetabulum
78
The second cranial nerve is responsible for
Sight
79
Eosin is used as
A dye
80
An embalmer should consult a radiation officer before embalming an autopsied body with a radiation level higher than
5 mc
81
Of the types of body compounds, the type that decomposes first are
carbohydrates
82
A mother decided to nurse her baby because she read that she could transfer the humoral antibodies to her baby. This type of immunity is called
Naturally acquired passive immunity
83
The anterior nares are located in the ____ of the base of the nose
Posterior 2/3's
84
The endocrine gland found in the sella turcica of the sphenoid bone
Pituitary
85
Lanugo is the technical term for
the facial hair of an infant
86
The general formula for an aldehyde is
RCHO
87
The original scientific standard of color is
the spectrum
88
heavy metals are no longer used in embalming because
they are forbidden by law
89
The damage to which organ in an alcoholic individual will aid in the depletion of blood clotting?
Liver
90
Arteriosclerosis commonly first appears in which vessel
femoral artery
91
A general term for diseases characterized by excessive urination is
diabetes
92
The number of natural facial markings
9
93
The number of acquired facial markings
11
94
With respect to the internal jugular vein, the common carotid artery
is lateral and deep
95
AN elongated depression in a relatively level surfaces
groove
96
The virus responsible for rabies is considered to belong to this classification
rhabdoviruses
97
Inflammation of the testis
orchitis
98
Putrefaction is caused by
anaerobic bacteria
99
what does MSDS stand for?
Material Safety Data Sheet
100
Place the body compound in the order the break down
Carbohydrates, fats/oils, soft proteins, hard proteins, bones ???
101
Excessive production of urine is
polyuria
102
The second cranial nerve is involved with
sight
103
Diabetes mellitus is associated with the malfunction of which gland
pancreas
104
The function of the thyroid gland is
to regulate metabolism
105
Which of the following is the first organs/tissues to decompose
lining of the trachea
106
Methyl salicylate is the chemical name for
oil of wintergreen
107
In the pang system, red-purple would be classified as an
intermediate color
108
Identify the considerations (not precautions) of the carotid arteries
- Direct distribution of fluid to the face
- close to the center of distribution
109
Documents signed by the authorizing agent _____ the funeral director will stay out of the court system and avoid legal action
do not guarantee
110
The embalmer identifies which of the following as signs of diffusion
Tissue fixation
Drying of tissues
111
A small, flat brush having soft hairs of uniform length
lip brush
112
Which of the following would be included in the routine maintenance schedule items for the basic crematory maintenance protocol
- Maintain a clean work environment
- Inspection of the external stack
- Inspection of refrigeration unit
113
It is possible to set the grave where?
- At the graveside, in the grave
- At the graveside, but outside the grave
- Indoors at the cemetery facility
114
When should an inspection take place
During normal hours
115
If you encounter someone who has extreme facial edema caused by a surgical repair, what does this tell you about potential fluid distribution and diffusion?
it is poor due to an aortic aneurysm
116
Protein Breakdown
proteins
amino acids
amines and organic acids
ammonia, mercaptans, etc
carbon dioxide, oxygen, hydrogen
117
The center of embalming fluid distribution is the
ascending aorta/ or arch of the aorta
118
What should be done when arterial embalming has been delayed?
start with mild solution and strengthen as you proceed
119
Of the signs of fluid distribution and diffusion, the least reliable is...
tissue fixation (firming)
120
The structure of the ear that divides its length in half is the
crus of the helix
121
One of the ways to produce a grey pigment is to mix together equal amounts of
primary and secondary hues
122
To model the helix of the ear realistically, the inner edge of the helix must be
undercut
123
Another name for exophthalmic goiter
Grave's Disease
124
The depression above the medial portion of the superior palpebra is the
Naso-orbital fossa
125
The protruding ridge of the nose is the:
Dorsum
126
Yellow and magenta make
Red
127
In colored illumination, the blank
hues of the additive method are the blank hues of the subtractive method
Primary, Secondary
128
According to the classification of cases requiring restorative treatment, emaciation would be classified as:
Disease
129
Which of the following restorative art procedures will be affected by an exopthamalic goiter?
Closing the eyes
130
A badly swollen eyelid should be treated with:
a chemical cauterant
131
The concavities below the medial and lateral inferior margins of the zygomatic bones are known as:
Buccal Depressions
132
When restoring a sideburn, the application of hair should proceed:
inferior to superior
133
Which one of the following is NOT an imaginary horizontal line viewed on the face for restorative art purposes:
Lateral corner of the eye
134
When applying hair to a missing eyebrow, the hair should be applied:
From the lateral edge from the eye to the medial edge of the eye
135
Which of the following sutures would best be employed for an abdominal puncture wound:
Purse String
think of a trocar hole
136
The line of lip closure is what distance from the base of the nose to the base of the chin:
1/3
137
The mastoid process is found on the:
temporal bone
138
If the eyes swell during embalming, the swelling may be reduced by using:
139
When embalming an individual who died from an acute myocardial infarction, which of the following problems might the embalmer encounter?
Hydropericardium
140
Another name for liver mortis
Cadaveric lividity
141
First organ to decompose
Lining of the trachea and larynx
142
Which is an antemortem extra vascular blood discoloration
Ecchymosis
Hematoma
143
Tripod of Life
the three organs, the heart, lungs, and brain
144
Father of American Embalming
Dr. Thomas Holmes
145
Death beginning at the heart
Syncope
146
What does corpulent mean?
Fat
147
Hematemesis, ascites, esophageal varices, and jaundice are associated with:
Cirrhosis
148
Body fluid discharges from orifices, lesions and biological vectors are:
Vehicles of exit
149
The line of color change at the junction of the wet and dry portions of a mucous membrane is called:
Weather line
150
Pyrexia
Fever; Raised body temperature
151
The most common human profile is
Convex
152
To successfully treat a case of generalized edema, the best arterial fluid to use would be:
high index, dehydrating hygroscopic fluid
153
Decay is caused by:
Aerobic bacteria
154
Humectants are substances that are
hygroscopic
155
Cellulitis
156
Ankylosis
Abnormal stiffening and immobility of a joint due to fusion of the bones
157
Osteoarthritis
A type of arthritis that occurs when flexible tissue at the ends of bones wears down
158
Osteoporosis
A condition in which bones become weak and brittle
159
Sunken eyes may be raised to natural position by injecting tissue builder behind the:
eyeball
160
When paster of paris is mixed with water and allowed to harden, it is anexample of
Hydrate
161
A rapidly forming blood clot, containing all the blood elements in a homogenous mass is termed:
a cruor clot
162
Plantar surface best describes:
Sole of the foot
163
Of the discolorations due to decomposition, the one that appears second in order is
blue-black??
164
Myxedema is caused by the low function of what gland?
thyroid
165
Imbibition
- Cells ability to draw moisture from the surrounding area into itself
- Can cause post-Morten edema
166
Chelation
a type of bonding of ions and molecules to metal ions.
167
Collodion
a flammable, syrupy solution of nitrocellulose in ether and alcohol.
168
Function of the thyroid gland
Metabolism
169
Gaseous ptomaine
Indole
170
Dry Gangrene
Causes dry red to black discoloration
171
saponification
conversion of fatty tissues of the body into a soapy waxy substance called adipocere
172
Location of the brachial artery
Bicipital groove
173
Optimum temperature for rigor mortis
98-100 degrees F
174
What chemicals will pass through the cell membrane
Isopropanol
ethanol
methanol
175
Right inguinal region contains:
cecum and appendix
176
Level of water hardness unsuitable for embalming
100 ppm
177
What does formaldehyde and bleach make?
BCME (bischloromethylether)
178
Why shouldn't sodium hypochlorite and formaldehyde mix?
creates BCME and is poisonous
(sodium hypochlorite is bleach)
179
Briefly outline how formaldehyde acts on body proteins to bring about preservation
- Achieves preservation by cross-linking proteins at the peptide linkage.
- Formaldehyde causes Fixating, denaturing and coagulating of protein.
- Denaturing protein during the embalming process is done by inserting a methylene bridge (--CH2--) between the nitrogen's in the amino groups of adjacent proteins.
- Formaldehyde combines with water to form methylene glycol, which is the source of the methylene bridge.
- The oxygen atom in formaldehyde links to a hydrogen atom from each of the 2 amino groups to form water.
-Proteins in living tissue are coiled and foiled in order to perform a specific function.
180
Vesicle
water-like blisters (from herpes I and II)
181
How long does it take for a cremation to take place?
2-3 hours
182
How many days is it suggested to wait until you cremate someone?
48 hours
183
Basic Steps for the Cremation Process
1. Insert the metal disc into the retort
2. Purge the system
3. Preheat the retort
4. Load body into retort
5. Engage the primary burner
6. Cool down period
184
Phases of Combustion
1. **primary combustion** in ignition chamber (primary chamber)
2. **secondary combustion** where products of combustion settle and are further combusted and remaining gases discharge from the stack
185
Cremation Process
-open charging door and inspect primary chamber
-start the purge cycle
-preheat secondary chamber
-transport container to loading area and log
-load container with loading device
-ignite primary burner
-monitor cremation process (do not open door for at least an hour into cremation process)
-remove cremated remains with a brush and rake
-remove non-ferrous metals
-pulverize
-place into clear plastic bag
186
Advantages of Formaldehyde
- 100% organic.
- It is broken down by sunlight and the soil it is broken down by bacteria in the soil and nitrogen
- it is inexpensive
- bactericidal
- Inhibits the growth of yeasts and molds.
- rapidly destroys autolytic enzymes and rapidly acts on the body proteins converting them to insoluble resins inhibiting tissue decomposition.
- only a small amount of formaldehyde is needed to act on a large amount of protein
- it produces rapid fixation which aids in positioning the dead human body and indicates that preservation is taking place.
- deodorizes the body amines formed during putrefaction.
187
What type of case should be inserted into the retort head first?
obese bodies
188
what dye is red?
carmine
there are more that produce red though
189
what does the suffix -us mean?
condition
190
What does the suffix -osis mean
abnormal condition
ex. endometriosis
endo- within, inner
metri- uterus
-osis- abnormal condition
abnormal condition of the inner layer of the uterus
191
what does the suffix -itis mean?
inflammation of...
192
what does the suffix -ia mean
condition
