chemistry

Question 1

equilibrium: Keq»>1

Answer 1

more products than reactants

Question 2

equilibrium: Keq«<1

Answer 2

more reactants than products

Question 3

equilibrium: Keq = 1

Answer 3

equal products and reactants

Question 4

hydrogen bonding

Answer 4

H bound to O, N, F

Question 5

dipole-dipole interactions

Answer 5

polar molecules
positive region of one molecule is in negative region of another

Question 6

ideal gas law eq

Answer 6

PV = nRT

Question 7

endothermic delta H

Answer 7

positive

Question 8

exothermic delta H

Answer 8

negative

Question 9

heat gained/lost equation

Answer 9

q = mcΔT

Question 10

Heat of rxn equation

Answer 10

(sum of ∆H°f of products) – (sum of ∆H°f of reactants)

Question 11

enthalpy

Answer 11

heat changes at constant pressure

Question 12

entropy

Answer 12

randomness in a system (energy dispersion)

Question 13

∆G negative and positive

Answer 13

• = spontaneous
  + = nonspontaneous

Question 14

Ka eq

Answer 14

Ka = [H+][A-]/[HA]

Question 15

Kb eq

Answer 15

Kb = [B+][OH-]/[BOH]

Question 16

galvanic cells: anode, cathode

Answer 16

cathode is positive, anode is negative
catode reduces, anode oxidizes

Question 17

electrolytic cells

Answer 17

anode is +, cathode is -
OPPOSITE of galvanic

Question 18

gibbs free energy equations

Answer 18

∆G = ∆H – T∆S
∆G = –nFEcell

Question 19

purification: extraction

Answer 19

aqueous vs. organic solvents: separates via differential solubility

Question 20

purification: distillation

Answer 20

separates based on BP

Question 21

filtration

Answer 21

separates solids from liquids

Question 22

TLC mobile and stationary

Answer 22

mobile: nonpolar solvent
stationary: card

Question 23

column chromatography

Answer 23

nonpolar solvent with gel/powder
separates into components

Question 24

ion-exchange chromatography

Answer 24

separates by charge

Question 25

size-exclusion chromatography

Answer 25

separates by size
larger elutes first

Question 26

affinity chromatography

Answer 26

uses antibodies, receptors
purification method

Question 27

storage lipid structure

Answer 27

Three fatty acids ester-linked to a single glycerol

Question 28

redox: oxidation vs. reduction

Answer 28

oxidation: electrons are product
reduction: electrons are reactant

Question 29

Eq constant and spontaneity

Answer 29

positive constant = spontaneous

Question 30

alpha decay change in atomic and mass number

Answer 30

atomic number: -2
mass number: -4

Question 31

beta + decay change in atomic and mass number

Answer 31

atomic number: +1
mass number: no change

Question 32

beta - decay change in atomic and mass number

Answer 32

atomic number: +1
mass number: no change

Question 33

gamma decay change in atomic and mass number

Answer 33

atomic number

Question 34

ksp equation

Answer 34

[products]/[reactants]

Question 35

PT: ionization energy

Answer 35

increases across and up

Question 36

PT: electronegativity

Answer 36

increases across and up

Question 37

PT: electron affinity

Answer 37

increases across and up

Question 38

log without calculator

Answer 38

–log(m x 10-n) ≈ n – 0.m