chemistry- AOS1

Question 1

cloud of electron repulsion

Answer 1

repulsion is due to surrounding negatively charged electrons meaning needs to have a strong enough attraction to breach the cloud of e repulsion

Question 2

concentration, collisions

Answer 2

higher concentration= increase in frequency of colliding reactant particles leading to an increase rate of reaction in a solution

Question 3

collision requirements of chemical reaction

Answer 3

needs to more than or equal to activation energy= breaking bonds of reactant to form products
also reactant particles must collide with correct orientation

Question 4

correct orientation

Answer 4

allows contact between the atoms that will become bonded together in the product
-requirement for chemical reaction to occur

Question 5

Activation energy (Ea)

Answer 5

energy required for bonds in reactants to break in order for the formation of products
-can decrease from of catalysts= decreased activation energy

*collisions must be **more than or equal **to Ea
-reaction will not occur if Ea is not reached

Question 6

catalysts (reaction rates)

Answer 6

addition of a catalysts can lower the activation energy of a reaction
-means reaction requires** lower amount of energy** for reaction to occur
-usually indication on top of arrow of chemical equation

reaction rates

Question 7

Equilibrium

Answer 7

incomplete chemical reaction where the quantities of the reactant and product are produced and consumed at a constant rate and
-forward and backward reaction occur simultaneously at at constant rate

Ex. weak acids (acetic acid CH3COOH)

Question 8

factors that affect equilibrium

Answer 8

temperature, pressure, addition and removal of substance, addition of catalyst, volume,

Question 9

le chatliers principle

Answer 9

principle which highlights the predicted effects of change in conditions of an equilbrium reaction as its response to minimise its effects from external influences imposed

Question 10

factors affect reaction rate

Answer 10

surface area to volume ratio (SA:V), temperature, concentration of substances, addition of catalysts

Question 11

requirements of chemical reaction

Answer 11

1. correct orientation
2. break bonds of reactants
3. forming bonds of products
4. activation energy (Ea)
5. collision frequency