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2023 content > psychology- U4 AOS1 > Flashcards

psychology- U4 AOS1 Flashcards

1
Q

Sleep

A

described as a psychological construct
-described as a regular and naturally occuring ASC as defined as patial or total suspension of consious awareness

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2
Q

ASC: Altered state of consiousness

A

any state of consiousness which differs significantly from normal state/waking consiousness
-in terms of levels of awareness, consiousness, thoughts, feelings, and memories
-can differ in sensations, thoughts, feelings, memories, perceptions

^can be naturally occuring or induced
Ex. from alcohol, injury

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3
Q

Normal waking consiousness

A

state of consiousness associated with being awake and aware of objects and external world
Ex. sensations, mental processess, ones own existance
=maintain sense of time and place

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4
Q

States of consiousness

A

different levels of being aware and associated with different levels of physiological and psychologial characteristics

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5
Q

Construct

A

ways to describe patterns in events or behaviours to be explored investigated or discussed
-things that dont occur/exist in a physical sense

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6
Q

Electroencephalography (EEG)

A

method of measuring brain activity through brain waves
Device: electroencephalograph
Records: electroencephalogram
-records can be classified through its frequency and amplitude

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7
Q

Beta

A

associated with being alert and intense mental activity
(highest frequency and lowest amplitude) during normal waking consciousness

EEG

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8
Q

Alpha

A

associated with being mentally and physically relaxed or intensely focused or mentally activity
Ex. closing eyes and refelcting, lying down

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9
Q

Theta

A

experienced when feeling drowsy when falling asleep and whilst waking up: early sleep

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10
Q

delta

A

deep dreamless sleep, unconsciousness
-lowest frequency and lowest amplitude

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11
Q

Electromyograhy

A

method of studying and indicating electrical activity of muscles during sleep (muscle movement and tension)

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12
Q

Electro-oculargraphy (EOG)

A

method measuring eye movements or eye positions for the muscles which control eyes

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13
Q

Induced ASC

A

when ASC occurs through mental changes differing significantly from a NSC from injury (trauma or accident) or medications and drugs or foods
Ex. administration of a depressent or sedated

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14
Q

Naturally occuring ASC

A

ASC occurs through regular and natural patterns
Ex. Sleep-wake cycle, daydreaming

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15
Q

Sleep diary

A

form of self report which can measure the time wake up, get out of bed, fall asleep, well rested and other personal behaviours and aspects before or after sleep (mood, activities before bed, caffeine consumption)
-subjective

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16
Q

video monitoring

A

Benefits: allows retrospective observations of external observable behaviours of sleep

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17
Q

Consiousness

A

awareness of something internal (Ex. internal processes and sensations) or external (environment) to us: measured on a continuum

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17
Q

Consiousness

A

awareness of something internal (Ex. internal processes and sensations) or external (environment) to us: measured on a continuum

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17
Q

Consiousness

A

awareness of something internal (Ex. internal processes and sensations) or external (environment) to us: measured on a continuum

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18
Q

Biological rhythms

A

Changes that repeat themselves through time in a cyclical way
Ex. b.p, sleep-wake cycle, menstration

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19
Q

Circardian rhythms

A

physiological, psychological, or behavioural changes that occur as aprt of a cycle with approx. a 24 hour duration
-can be endogenous or exogenous (terms of origin)

20
Q

ultradian rhythms

A

physiological, psychological, or behavioural change which occurs repeatedly over a duration less than 24 hours
Ex. heartbeat, sleep-wake cycle

21
Q

Biological clock

A

innate mechanism which is able to regulate biological rhythms
Ex. Suprachiasmatic nucleus

22
Q

Suprachiasmatic nucleus

A

a biological clock which is able to regulate the sleep-wake cycle
location: above the optic chiasm where nerves that connect the eye and brain cross
-able to adjust sleep wake cycle in corresspondance to incoming light where it will also signal the release of melatonin

23
Q

Sleep-wake cycle

A

an ciradian biological rhythm which consists of ultradian cycles of REM and NREM (1-3)

single ultradian cycle lasting ~90minutes and repeated around 4-5 times throughout the night in a healthy adult

24
Q

Melatonin

A

the sleep hormone released in correspondance to the light detetcted by the suprachiasmatic nucleus. from the pineal gland to the bloodstream to facilitate the transition to sleep and **promote quality rest **

25
Q

NREM (non-rapid eye movement)

A

defined as relatively inactive brain with a body that can move
-consists of 3 different sub-stages (N1-N3)
each successive stage transitions into a deeper sleep with gradual reduction in physiological activity and awareness of yourself and surroundings

26
Q

REM (rapid eye movement)

A

stage of sleep defined by a relatively active brain in a paralyzed body
-rapid eye movement under eyelids during sleep
-stage where most dreams occur
duration: around 10 minutes but increases with each cycle

27
Q

NREM 1

A

entry point of sleep episode (age 2 over)
relatively light sleep with lower level of body arousal and can be easily awakened
sometimes experience hypnic jerks
duration: ~5 minutes with alpha/theta waves

28
Q

hypnic jerks

A

involuntary muscle twitch

NREM1

29
Q

NREM 2

A

moderate sleep as it gradually becomes deeper than NREM1
-continued slowing and decrease physiological activity
can observe sleep spindles through transition to NREM2
spends most time in this stage amougst stages of sleep

Duration: ~12-25 minutes
brainwaves: theta

30
Q

Sleep spindles

A

brief bursts of electrical activity

31
Q

NREM 3

A

deepest stage of sleep amougst stages of sleep
physiological activity at its lowest where muscles completely relaxed and no eye movement
has highest arousal thereshold= difficult to wakeup
Duration: ~20-40 minutes
brain waves: delta brain waves
^time in this stage decrease as night progresses

32
Q

sleep inertia

A

temporary poor memory of sleep events accompanied by a groggy feeling and reduction in alertness/performance right after awakening- usually from deep sleep

33
Q

sleep onset

A

transition from wakefulness into sleep: enetering NREM 1

34
Q

Sleep onset latnecy

A

pre-sleep period before NREM1

35
Q

Sleep disturbance

A

any sleep-related problem which interferes with an individuals normal sleep-wake cycle therefore possibly affecting the quantity, quality or sleep onset

36
Q

Sleep disorder

A

a persistant disturbance of an individuals regular sleep pattern which can impair their daily functioning in unwanted ways

37
Q

Primary sleep disorder

A

refers to when a sleep disorder is caused by or associated with a physical or mental illness, or use of a substance
-that occurs on its own h which cannot be atributed by another condition
Ex. insomnia

38
Q

Secondary sleep disorder

A

refers to when a sleep disturbance occurs as a by-product of the results from another condition which affects normal sleep patterns persistantly
Ex. back pain, bladdeer or breathing problems, anxiety or depression disorders.

39
Q

Sleep deprivation

A

state caused by inadequete quantity and quality of sleep (voluntary or involuntary)

40
Q

Sleep debt

A

accumulated amount of sleep lost from inadequate sleep

41
Q

Partial sleep deprivation

A

refers to when an individual has less sleep than what is required

42
Q

Total sleep deprivation

A

refers to when an individual has no sleep at all

43
Q

microsleep

A

sleep episode which lasts for a few seconds (~1-15 seconds)

44
Q

Circadian sleep phase disorder

A

collection of sleep disorders involving a sleep disturbance primarily due to a mismatch between an individuals sleep-wake cycle pattern and pattern desired/required

Ex. Delayed Sleep Phase Disorder, Advanced Sleep Phase Disorder, Shift Work Disorder

45
Q

Delayed Sleep Phase Disorder (DSPD)

A

circadian sleep phase disorder where major sleep episode is delayed in relation to desired/conventional sleep time

46
Q

Advanced Sleep Phase Disorder (ASPD)

A

persistant distrubance in sleep-wake cycle where major sleep episode has been advanced to an earlier than desired/conventional sleep time

47
Q

Shift-work disorder

A

occurs due to a shift regularly scheduled during the usual sleep period

48
Q

Brigth Light Therapy

A

timed exposure to the eyes to intense safe amounts of light at a specific period in the day to assist in treating circadian sleep phase disorders

Aim: to allign an individuals sleep-wake cycleto the desired or required schedule

49
Q

Zeitgebers

A

environmental time cues
*ex. clocks, alarms, school bells, timetables, workplace routines, eating and drinking patterns, social routines, newsfeeds and notifications,
*
-other atmospheric conditions, and anything else that can signal time.

50
Q

Entrained

A

when a behaviour or rhythm such as the sleep-wake cycle adjusts itself to match and sync to environment through the influence of zeitgebers

2023 content (11 decks)

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