HHD- U4 AOS1

Question 1

GNI: Gross National Income per capita

Answer 1

measures the total value of goods and services a countrys citizens produce including value of citizens working overseas
-used as an economic indicator by World bank fro classifying countries

Question 2

GDP per capita: Gross Domestic Product

Answer 2

measures the value of goods and services produced in a country as total income generated by employees and businesses (does not consider income of foreign citizens or citizens working overseas)

Question 3

GDP vs GNI

Answer 3

GDP looks at the production level of an economy or the total annual value of what is produced in the nation; it measures an economy’s size and growth rate.
GNI is the total dollar value of everything produced by a country and the income its residents receive—whether it is earned at home or abroad.

Question 4

PPP: Purchasing power parity

Answer 4

allows comparisons to be made between ountries of different currencies takign into consideration cost of living and average income

-standered comparable currency as US dollars or PPP as a theroetical currency

Question 5

Global trade

Answer 5

exchange of capital, goods, and services across international borders or territories because there is a need or want of goods or services

Question 6

Economic characteristics (4)

Answer 6

levels of poverty, range of industries, opportunities of global trade, average income (by GNI)

Question 7

Social characteristics (8)

Answer 7

gender equality, birth rates and population growth, education, technology, legal system, social security, employment, healthcare systems

Question 8

Environmental characteristics

Answer 8

adequate housing, adequate infrastructure, food security, water and sanitation, co2 emissions

Question 9

Gender equality

Answer 9

when people of all genders have equal rights, responsibilities and opportunities.

Question 10

Urban slums

Answer 10

settlement, neighbourhood, or region where housing does not include the essential conditions to live a healthy life= substandered housing

Characteristics of countries (environmental); adequate housing

Question 11

Double burden

Answer 11

when conditions associated with both poverty and wealth exist simultaneously in one community
Ex. undernutrition and obesity, diarrhoeal disease and cardiovascular disease

Question 12

Access to Safe water

Answer 12

able to obtain water which is not contaminated with disease carrying pathogens such as bacteria, protozoa, or parasites

Question 13

Sanitation

Answer 13

process of eliminating contact between human and hazardous wastes such as the germs and bacteria, found within human and animal faeces and urine, solid wastes, domestic wastewater and industrial wastes.
^ through provision of facilities and services for the safe disposal of human urine and faeces, including hygienic practice

Question 14

Latrines

Answer 14

toilet or an even simpler facility that is used as a toilet within a sanitation system

Question 15

Poverty

Answer 15

can be defined as earning less than a certain amount or less than 50% of the country’s average income

Question 16

Diarrhoea vs dysentery

Answer 16

Diarrhoea is a common health condition in which a person suffers from watery and loose stool.
Dysentery, on the other hand, is an infection or inflammation of the intestine that can lead to the presence of blood in the watery stool

Question 17

Typhoid

Answer 17

a life-threatening infection caused by the bacterium Salmonella Typhi
=Weakness, Stomach pain, Headache, Diarrhea or constipation, Cough, Loss of appetite

Question 18

Discrimination

Answer 18

when a person or group is treated different than others as a result of race, religion, sexual orientiation, gender identidy, or sex

Question 19

Human rights

Answer 19

relates to the freedoms and conditions to which an individual is entitled to

Question 20

Female genital mutilation (FGM)

Answer 20

procedures which causes intentional alternation or injury towards female genital organs for non-medical reasons
^cuts or removes genital tissue

Question 21

Sex

Answer 21

refers to the physiological characteristics (DNA and sex organs) present in an individual at birth

Question 22

Sexual orientation

Answer 22

refers to the sex an individual is romantically attrached to (heterosexual, homosexual, bisexual, asexual)

Question 23

Gender identity

Answer 23

describes how an individual perceives themselves- male, female, both, or neither
=cisgendered, transgender, gender non-conforming

Question 24

Obsteric fistula

Answer 24

A hole from a tear between the birth canal and bladder and/or rectum (vaginal walls too)= urinary and somtimes bowel incontinence
Cause: prolonged, obstructed labour without access to timely, high-quality medical treatment.
-increases in morbidity

Sex (females) as a factor which affects health status and BOD)

Question 25

Fistula

Answer 25

an abnormal connection between an organ, vessel, or intestine and another organ, vessel or intestine, or the skin

Question 26

Incontinence

Answer 26

muscles in and around the bladder don’t work the way they should
Ex. urinary or bowel inconstinence

Inequality and discrimination (Sex) factors that affect H.S abd B.OD [FGM]

Question 27

Economic sustainability

Answer 27

is one of the three pillars/dimensions which promote sustainability
:defined as an average income adequete enough to sustain a decent standered of living which continues to rise in line with inflation and cost of living to overcome the implication of these costs

Question 28

Sustainability

Answer 28

being able to meet present needs without compromising the ability for future generations to meet their own needs

Question 29

Fairtrade

Economic sustainability

Answer 29

trade between companies in developed countries and producers in developing countries in which fair prices are paid to the producers without the effects of social inequalities

Question 30

Considerations of economic sustainability (4)

Answer 30

Innovative and diversity of industries, job creation, economic growth, trade

Question 31

Considerations of social sustainability (5)

Answer 31

peace and security, gender inequality, elimination of poverty and provision of social security, political and legal rights

Question 32

Considerations of environmental sustainability (4)

Answer 32

Biodiversity, use of natural resources, climate change, waste removal and pollution

Question 33

Renewable

Answer 33

refers to resources that can be naturally replenished within a short period of time relative to the rate of consumption
Ex. wind and sun energy, oxygen, fish, water

9.4 environmental sustainability

Question 34

Non-renewable

Answer 34

refers to a resource which is not nautrally replenished within a short period relative to the rate of consumption therefore at risk of running out
Ex. fossil fuels (natural gas, coal)

9.4 environmental sustainability

Question 35

Biodiversity

Answer 35

variety of all forms of life (microorganisms, animals, plants) which within an area can form an ecosystem

9.4 environmental sustainability

Question 36

Ecosystem

Answer 36

all the organisms and the physical environment with which they interact to maintain balance

Question 37

Human development

Answer 37

creating an enbaling environment which allows individuls to expand on their full potential by expanding their freedom, choice and capabilities in order for them to live creative and productives lives according to their needs and interest

Question 38

Human development index

Answer 38

tool used by the united nations to measure the social and economic development of a country as a single composite statistic which emcompasses **3 dimensions and 4 indicators ** to rank countries between 0-1 based of level of human development

Question 39

3 dimensions of HDI

Answer 39

*live a long and healthy life, knowledge, decent standerd of living *

Question 40

4 indiciators of HDI

Answer 40

*life expectancy at birth, mean years of schooling, expected years of schooling, GNI per capita *

Question 41

mean years of schooling

Answer 41

average number of years years of schooling by those aged 25 and over

Question 42

expected years of schooling

Answer 42

number of years of schooling expected of a child at school enterance age

Question 43

Advantages of HDI (4)

Answer 43

-considers more than just average income= more comprehensive representation of country

-compsite statistic= easier to compare human development between countries

-effective analysing the development of a coutnru over time= useful analysing overall progress

-has raised the importance of human development

Question 44

Limitations of HDI (5)

Answer 44

-only reflects certain aspects of human lives and not the full depth
ex. gender inequality, freedom of speech, social security, public housing

-as it is an average of a nations human development, does not highlight the inequalities that exist within a country

-no survey data= does not take into account the feelings and H&W of individuals and the issues they face

-challenge to maintain reliability of data due to many definitions in measuring HDI and its components

-as its equated to 3 dimensions, neglects key aspects of human development such as freedom, choice, and capabilities

Question 45

Environmental sustainability

Answer 45

refers to being able to preserve the natural evironment by maintaing balance in the ecosystems to allow future generations to use it resources