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2023 content > HHD- AOS1 > Flashcards

HHD- AOS1 Flashcards

1
Q

mortality

A

indicator of health status measures the number of deaths within a population at a specific time

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2
Q

mortality rates

A

refers to the number of deaths in a population expressed per 1000 or 10,000 within a specific period
^form of expressing data= equivilates to allow accurate comparison
Ex. 12 months
of a specific or combined cause

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3
Q

health status

A

**overall health **of an individual and population

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4
Q

health indicators

A

apects of an individual and populations health displayed as standerdised statistics to compare and measure health status
Ex. Morbidity, mortrality, burden of disease, life expectancy

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5
Q

self-assessed heath status

A

refers to an individuals own subjective opinion and view of their own personal health as a reflection their perception in relation to the **five dimensions of health **

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6
Q

life expectancy

A

average number of years left to live of an individual at a particular age relative to the **current death rates **
-does not showcase the quality of life of health issues

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7
Q

Health-adjusted life expectancy

A

length of time an individual at specific age wil experience **full health **without health concequence (disease/injury)

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8
Q

infant mortality rate

A

rate if deaths of infants before their first birthday
major causes: congenital malformation (chromosomal abnormalities) and asphyxia (low levels of 02= unconciousness and death)

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9
Q

under-five mortality rate

A

refers to the rate of deaths of children under the age of 5 years old
major cause: injury (Ex. drowing, heatstroke, accidents)

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10
Q

maternal mortality rate

A

rate of deaths of mother during pregnancy, labour, and 6 weeks post childbirth.
Major cause: cardiovascular disease (due to high demand of body leading to increase heart rate activity and blood pressure which can overwhelm the body), *obsteric haemmorrage *(excesive bleeding)

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11
Q

morbidity

A

refers to ill health of individuals and/or level of ill healthof a population of a particular disease at a given time

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12
Q

morbidity rate

A

measures the rate of morbidity by recording how many people suffer from a particular diesase at a given time

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13
Q

incidence

A

refers to new cases of a particular disease at a given time

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14
Q

prevelence

A

refers to the total amount proportional cases of a particular disease at a given time

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15
Q

Burden of disease

A

way of measuring the impact of disease and illness to a population using Disability-adjusted life years (DALY). This can track the burden a disease brings on a population by identifying the gap between the populations curent health status and an ideal health situation where individuals live at an old age free of disease.

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16
Q

Disability-adjusted life years

A

way of measuring burden of disease as a sum of the years of life lost due to disability **(YLD) **and years of life lost (YLL).

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17
Q

Years of life lost (YLL)

A

refers to premature death to a disease where YLL is calculated by the years lost between the age they died and their life expectancy where that difference is noted as YLL
-fatal component of DALY
the mortality aspect

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18
Q

Years of life lost due to disability (YLD)

A

refers to healthy years of lifes lost due to disease
-non fatal component of DALY

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19
Q

smoking

A

practice of burning a substance to produce smoke to be tasted and inhaled through the lungs

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20
Q

atheroschlerosis

A

refers to process of build up of plaque in the blood vessels walls =difficult blood flow and supply oxygen-rich-blood to heart
-occur from smoking
can cause *coronary heart disease *

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21
Q

respiratory disease from smoking

A

can lead to chronic obstructuve pulmonary disease (COPD) which can then lead to chronic bronchitis and emphasema
-due to damaged lung tisse and lung air sacs= reduced air flow and limited ability to utilise oxygen

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22
Q

Chronic obstructuve pulmonary disease (COPD)

A

a group of diseases that cause airflow blockage and breathing-related problems
-progressive and long-term= damage to lungs= shortness of breath
-affects activity and function of the lungs
Ex. emphysema and chronic bronchitis

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23
Q

Emphysema vs Chronic bronchitis

A

Emphysema = damage to air sac of lungs leading to reduce flow of oxygen to blood
Chronic bronchitis = damage to tiny hairs of the lungs airway * (cilia)* lead to [frequent] mucus coughs

24
Q

Subjective

A

H&W can be described as subjective since health and wellbeing can mean different things to different people influenced by a range of factors including age, sex, income, gender, culture, and religion

25
Q

Health and wellbeing

A

refers to an individuals overall state of physical, mental, social, and spiritual existance characterised by an equilibrium where an individual feels, happy, healthy, capable, and engaged

26
Q

dynamic

A

means to be constanly changing and moving continuously in response to environment/experience
-H&W can be gradual (weight gain, nature of relationship) or change quickly (injury, stressful events, disease)

27
Q

disease

A

physica/mental disturbance evident in symptoms and dysfunction or tissue damage

28
Q

illness

A

refers to subjective experience on how indiviuals percieve disease or injury.
-based on perception (gender, age , attitudes)

29
Q

optimal health

A

highest level of health and wellbeingan individual can realistically obtain at any particular time
-resource for eveyday life not objective for living

30
Q

prerequisites of health (9)

A

peace, shelter, food, education, income, stable ecosystem, sustainable resources, equity, social justice

31
Q

peace

A

absence of conflict/war

32
Q

shelter

A

structure provides secure protection from external environment and limiting exposure from airbourne disease= saftey, privacy to allow increased focus and less stress

33
Q

food

A

state where individual recieves** adequate nutrition regularely, safely, culturally appropriate **and by **non-emergency service **sources

34
Q

education

A

practice of learning and teaching to obtain knowledge and qualities (literacy) required for suitable employment= well-paid job & income

35
Q

stable ecosystem

A

community consisting of a balance of non-living and living components within an area

36
Q

equity

A

focuses on fairness and** social justice** of disadvanatged groups to imporve their **quality of life **

37
Q

social justice

A

refers to the fairness and equal rights regardless of age, income, class, sexual orientation, religion, culture, or ethnicity

38
Q

sustainable resources

A

ability to use resources to support current needs without comprimising the state or supply for future generations
Ex. safe water, food, agriculture, infrastructure, housing, energy production/sources.

39
Q

coronary heart disease/coronary artery disease

A

refers to damage to hearts major blood vessels
-can be caused by atheroschlerosis

40
Q

Alcoholism

A

involves oversonsumption of alcohol and involves constant desire for alcohol

41
Q

Alcoholism

A

involves oversonsumption of alcohol and involves constant desire for alcohol

42
Q

Foetal alcohol spectrum disorder (FASD)

A

collection of infant alcohol associated disorders

43
Q

high body mass index (BMI)

A

refers to when an individual has a **high or unhealthy proportion **of weight to their height
calculated by weight (kj) over height^2 (metres)

44
Q

osteoarthitis

A

cartilage becomes** worn down **due to pressure from excessive weight= wore down leads to bones higher friction against each other
bones become weak and brittle
*degenerative
**form of arthitis **when bones become swollen and tender from joints but by weakened cartilage

45
Q

arthritis

A

swelling and tenderness of one or more joints

46
Q

periodontitis

A

refers to when the soft tissue that supports teeth weakens due to sugar overconsumption
untreated= loose teeth and fall off

3.6-overconsumption sugar- health concerns-dental carries

47
Q

high-density lipoproteins

(HDL)

A

refered as good fats which can reduce atherosclerosis

3.6-overconsumption of fats-health concern- cardiovascular disease

48
Q

low-density lipoproteins

A

known as bad fats when too much, cause arteries to be deposited through walls= other substance build up= increase atherosclerosis

49
Q

colorectal cancer

A

cancer of the colon or rectum, located at the digestive tract’s lower end.

50
Q

hypertension

A

which the blood vessels have persistently raised pressure

51
Q

dental caries

A

permanently damaged areas in the hard surface of your teeth that develop into tiny openings or holes

52
Q

dental caries vs cavity

A

carie is at the tooth surface, cavity can reach deeper within a tooth

53
Q

cholestorol

A

a waxy substance found in your blood. Your body needs cholesterol to build healthy cells,

54
Q

fibre

A

type of carbohydrate not absorbed through the body but travels through to bulk feaces, feel fullness, nd cleans digestive tract
^can be soluble or insoluble

55
Q

soluble vs insoluble fibres

A

soluble: able to absorb water
source; fruits and veg, flaxseed, soy milk
insoluble: does not absorb water
source; fruit and veg skin, seeds, wheat bran

56
Q

iron

A

major component of blood able to attach oxygen to blood allowing the movement and transportation of it to cells for their function
source; found it lean meats, nuts, seeds

57
Q

aneamia

A

deficiency in the number of healthy red blood cells= not enough oxygen delivered to cells for its function

low iron- major component of red blood cells, not enough= not enough healthy red blood cells to deliver oxygen produced by the bone marrow

2023 content (11 decks)

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