Chemistry-The atmosphere

Question 1

Define

Greenhouse gas

Answer 1

A gas that absorbs long wavelengh infrared radiation given off by the Earth,and emits it in all dierections.

Question 2

Define

Global warming

Answer 2

An increase in the average surface temperature of the Earth atomspere

Question 3

Define

Water stress

Answer 3

A shortage of fresh water

Question 4

Define

Carbon footprint

Answer 4

The amount of Carbon compounds given out over the full life cycle of a product, service or event

Question 5

Define

Carbon neutral

Answer 5

Fuels and processes whose use result in zero net realese/absorpotion of Carbon compunds into/from the atomspere.

Question 6

Define

Acid rain

Answer 6

Precipitation with a pH lower than 5.5 caused by man-made pollutants, such as Sulfur dioxide and Nitrous oxides

Question 7

Define

Global Dimming

Answer 7

Particulates in the atomsphere causing less of the suns energy to reach the Earth’s surface

Question 8

Define

Particulates

Answer 8

Tiny solid particles in the atomsphere, most commonly soot, that make up less than 0.01%

Question 9

List

Composition of atomsphere

Answer 9

Nitrogen:78%
Oxygen:21%
Argon:0.9%
Carbon dioxide:0.04%(was 0.03%)
Water vapor:Varible, usually peaks at 0.05%
Other gas+Particulates:0.01%

Question 10

List

Composition of early atomsphere

Answer 10

Carbon dioxide:96%
Nitrogen:3%
Ammonia/Methane:0.9%
Other gases+Particulates:0.1%

Question 11

How did the early atomsphere formed

Answer 11

Volcanoes produced carbon dioxide,nitrogen and a bit of methane+ammonia

Question 12

List

How the modern atomsphere formed

Answer 12

1. Water vapor condensed into oceans
2. Carbon dioxide dissolved in the ocean
3. They formed carbonates, which precipitated to form sediments
4. These sediments sank to the ocean seabed
5. Photosynetic organism eventually evoled, speeding up the Carbon dioxide reduction and producing oxygen

Question 13

Explain

GHE(Greenhouse effect)

Answer 13

1.

Question 14

What gases are produced by volcanoes?

Answer 14

Carbon dioxide, nitrogen, a bit of methane, and ammonia

Question 15

What process took in CO2 and released O2?

Answer 15

Photosynthesis

Question 16

What did carbon dioxide dissolve in to form sediments?

Answer 16

Oceans

Question 17

What human activities increase the levels of CO2 and CH4?

Answer 17

Burning fossil fuels and deforestation

Question 18

What are the effects of climate change?

Answer 18

Rising sea levels, droughts, extreme weather events, changes in wildlife distribution

Question 19

What is a solution to reduce climate change?

Answer 19

Reduce carbon footprint, use less fossil fuels, carbon capture and storage, eat less meat, send less food waste to landfill

Question 20

Define carbon footprint

Answer 20

Total amount of CO2 and other greenhouse gases emitted over the full life cycle of a product, service or event

Question 21

What gases are released when fossil fuels burn?

Answer 21

Carbon dioxide, water vapour, carbon monoxide, solid particulates, sulphur dioxide, nitrous oxides

Question 22

What are the effects caused by carbon monoxide?

Answer 22

Poisonous gas

Question 23

What causes acid rain?

Answer 23

Sulphur dioxide and nitrogen oxides from burning fossil fuels

Question 24

What is the current composition of the atmosphere?

Answer 24

Nitrogen 78%, Oxygen 21%, Argon 0.9%, Carbon Dioxide 0.03%

Question 25

What is suggested happened to most of the water vapour in the early atmosphere?

Answer 25

Condensed to form oceans

Question 26

How did oxygen in the early atmosphere increase?

Answer 26

Through photosynthesis by green plants and algae

Question 27

How did carbon dioxide in the early atmosphere decrease?

Answer 27

Dissolved in oceans and precipitated as carbonates

Question 28

Name three greenhouse gases

Answer 28

Carbon dioxide, methane, water vapour

Question 29

Describe the greenhouse effect

Answer 29

A process where gases absorb long wavelength infrared radiation emitted by the Earth

Question 30

State two human activities that increase greenhouse gases

Answer 30

Burning fossil fuels, deforestation

Question 31

What is global warming?

Answer 31

An increase in the temperature of the Earth's surface

Question 32

What is carbon neutral?

Answer 32

Fuels and processes whose use results in zero net release of greenhouse gases to the atmosphere

Question 33

Define acid rain

Answer 33

Rainfall with a pH lower than 5.5 caused by man-made pollutants

Question 34

What is global dimming?

Answer 34

Particulates in the atmosphere causing less of the sun's energy to reach the Earth's surface

Question 35

What are particulates?

Answer 35

Tiny solid particles in the atmosphere, most commonly soot

Question 36

True or False: Water stress refers to a shortage of fresh water.

Answer 36

True

Question 37

Fill in the blank: Carbon dioxide is released when _______.

Answer 37

burning fossil fuels