Biology - The Digestive system Flashcards
Mmmm so good and tasty (23 cards)
Role of
Digestive system
To break down the food we eat into molecules small enough to be absorbed into the bloodstream in small intestine.
Define
Digestion
The breakdown of food.
Define
Initial digestion
Mechanical breakdown of food in the mouth,with the aid of salvia,oseogaugh and the stomach
Define
Molecular digestion
Molecular breakdown of food through enyzmes.
This occus in the stomach,liver(gall bladder),pancreas,small+large intestine and the rectum
Define
Excretitional digestion
Breakdown of waste in food
Occurs in the blood,bladder and kidneys
Define
Mouth
Or the phyranx
The point at which mechanical digestion begins with mastication of the food.
Define
Mastication
The mechanical grinding and chomping of food in the mouth
Define
Salviary glands
Glands in your mouth make saliva (spit).
Saliva helps break down starches in the foods you eat.
Define
Oesophagus
A tubular, elongated organ of the digestive system which connects the mouth to the stomach. The oesophagus is the organ that food travels through to reach the stomach for further digestion.
The oesophagus is the organ that food travels through to reach the stomach
Define
Peristalisis movement
How musles in the oesogaghus squeeze the food into the stomach
Define
Stomach
A musucular sac in the abdomen which helps digest food by mixing it with digestive juices(Hydrocholiric acid as well as enyzmes) and churning it into a thin liquid.
Define
Liver
A large organ located in the upper abdomen which aids in digestion by secreting bile to the gall bladder
It is aslo where the majority of nutrients collectd in digestiion are processed into usable resources into body
Define
Pancreas
A glandular organ located in the abdomen which makes pancreatic juices,containing enzymes that aid in digestion.
Define
Gall bladder
A small organ that stores and secretes bile to the confluence between the stomach and small intestine through a system of hollow ducts called the biliary tree.
The gallbladder sits in an indenture underneath the right lobe of the liver.
Define
Neutraliasaton
When an alkanile substance reacts with a acid substance to produce a neutral substance
In the context of the digestive system, this would be bile neutralising stomach acid contents in /on the food before it enter the samll intestine
Define
Emulsification
How bile physically breaks down fat into smaller chunks for easier digestion
Define
Small intestine
The specialized tubular structure between the stomach and the large intestine (also called the colon or large bowel) that absorbs the nutrition from your food.
Define
Jejunum
The middle and most absorpative part of the small intestine
Define
Villi/Microvilli
Villi move nutrients from the lumen (opening) of the intestine into the circulatory system. Villi are covered with microvilli. Microvilli are projections smaller than villi. Their job is to also increase the surface area so each villus can absorb the maximum amount of nutrients.
Define
Absorption
When nutrients in the food are taken into the bloodstream through actiive transport.
This occurs predominately in the small intestine
Define
Large intestine
The organ responsible for processing indigestible food material(depleting it of water any remaining minerals) (chyme) after most nutrients are absorbed in the small intestine.
Define
Rectum
The last part of the digestive system which receives waste from the large intestine and stores it until it passes out of the body through the anus.
Define
Egestion
When water is absorbed from the food in the large intestine.
This converts it to feces,required to be passed through the anus
