Biology - Biological moleecules Flashcards
To revise(not digest(with acid)) (27 cards)
Define
Biological molecules
Or Biomolecule
Molecules that make up all cells
Define
Polymers
A chain molecule of many monomers
Define
Monomers
Atoms or small molecules that bond together to form more complex structures such as polymers.
There are 4 types of monomer:sugars amino/fatty acids and nulcleotides
Define
Sugar
The simplest part of carbohydrates
Define
Carbohydrates
An organic compound such as sugar or starch, and is used to store energy.
Carbohydrates are built of small repeating units called monosaccharides.
Define
Monosaccharide
A sugar that cannot be split into simpler sugars.
Called also simple sugar.
Define
Disaccharide
The sugar formed when two monosaccharides are joined by glycosidic linkage.
Like monosaccharides, disaccharides are simple sugars soluble in water.
Define
Polysaccharide
A carbohydrate formed by long chains of repeating units linked together by glycosidic bonds.
The term polysaccharide etymologically means multi saccharides.
A saccharide refers to the unit structure of carbohydrates.
Define
Amino acids
The fundamental molecule that serves as the building block for proteins.
There are 20 different amino acids.
A protein consists of one or more chains of amino acids (called polypeptides) whose sequence is encoded in a gene.
Define
Protein
Large, complex molecules that play many critical roles in the body.
They do most of the work in cells and are required for the structure, function, and regulation of the body’s tissues and organs.
Define
Fatty acids
The building blocks of the fat in our bodies and in the food we eat.
During digestion, the body breaks down fats into fatty acids
Fatty acid molecules are usually joined together in groups of three, forming a molecule called a triglyceride.
Define
Glycerol
Glycerol is a molecule that joins to 3 fatty acids to form a lipid.
Define
Lipids
Fatty compounds that perform a variety of functions in your body.
They’re part of your cell membranes controlling what goes in and out.
They help with moving and storing energy, absorbing vitamins and making hormones.
Define
Nulcleotides
The basic building block of nucleic acids (RNA and DNA).
A nucleotide consists of a sugar molecule (either ribose in RNA or deoxyribose in DNA) attached to a phosphate group and a nitrogen-containing base.
Define
Nulcleic acid
Large biomolecules that are crucial in all cells and viruses.
They are composed of nucleotides, which are the monomer components.
The two main classes of nucleic acids are deoxyribonucleic acid and ribonucleic acid.
Which biomolecule
Is useful for a fast source of energy
Carbohydrates
Which biomolecule
Has involement in the immune system
Eg:Antibodies
Proteins
Which biomolecule
Is useful for long term energy storage
Lipids
Which biomolecule
Has a large role in muscle development
Proteins
Which biomolecule
Can be found in great quanity in pasta
Carbohydrates
It is the reason why althetes often consume this in huge quantity
Which biomolecule
Could start a mutaton in DNA
Nulcleic acids
Which biomolecule
Makes up cell mermbranes
Lipids
Whch biomolecule
Makes up enyzmes
Proteins
Which biomolecule
Is important for insulation
Lipids
