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Pharma > Chemotherapy Week 3 > Flashcards

Chemotherapy Week 3 Flashcards

1
Q

2 Forms of Chemotherapy

A

Antineoplastic and Cytotoxic antibiotics

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2
Q

Antineoplastic Drug Category and Examples

A

Antimetabolite: methotrexate
Mitotic Inhibitor: vincristine
Alkylating agent: cyclophosphamide

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3
Q

Cytotoxic Antibiotic generic drug example

A

doxorubicin

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4
Q

MOA of Chemotherapy

A

cytotoxic during specific cell-cycle phase

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5
Q

Mitotic MOA

A

kills cells at the start of mitosis

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6
Q

alkylating MOA

A

react chemically with parts of RNA, DNA, or cellular proteins

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7
Q

Hormones MOA

A

used in cancers sensitive to estrogen stimulation

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8
Q

Indication of methotrexate

A

acute and chronic lymphocytic leukemia, psoriasis, RA

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9
Q

Indication of Vincristine and doxorubicin

A

acute lymphocytic leukemia

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10
Q

indication of ALL chemo

A

breast/ovarian/testicular cancer and Hodgkin’s lymphoma

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11
Q

indication of cyclophosphamide

A

alkylating
-acute lymphomas, leukemia, breast/ovarian/bladder cancers

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12
Q

SE AE of ALL chemo drugs

A

Alopecia, N/V, anorexia, diarrhea, stomatitis, low WBC, and decreased bone marrow suppression

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13
Q

Cyclophosphamide SE/AE

A

peripheral neuropathy, ototoxicity, nephrotoxicity

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14
Q

Doxorubicin SE/AE

A

acute cardiac toxicity
-left ventricular failure cardiomyopathy, HF

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15
Q

Interactions with Methotrexate

A

ASA, NSAIDS leads to toxicity

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16
Q

Interactions with Vincristine

A

any drug toxic to the liver because hepatotoxicity is already an AE

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17
Q

Nsg implications of Chemo and assess

A

Infection Prevention
monitor extravasation
Avoid direct skin and eye contact w/ drug
premedicate N/V with antiemetic
assess
CBC (WBCs RBCs and platelets) UA for blood and infection, AST/ALD for liver function, kidney function BUN and creatine

18
Q

Other drugs: Hydroxyurea, MOA and Indication, SE/AE, Nsg

A

Kills cancer cells by interrupting DNA synthesis
Tx squamous cell cancer
SE/AE- HA, hyperuricemia, nephrotoxicity
Nsg: monitor bleeding & infection
-WBC < 2,500
-Platelets < 100,000

19
Q

Cancer Cell specific agent: Imatinib
MOA, indication SE/AE, Nsg

A

MOA: stops Ca growth by inhibiting enzymes
indication: tx of adults with chronic myelocytic leukemia
SE AE: N/V, HF, Edema

20
Q

Hormone Modulators:
Selective Estrogen Receptor modulator AND
Progestin

A

Tamoxifen
and
medroxyprogesterone

21
Q

MOA of hormone modulators

A

as antineoplastics, they block receptors and prevent cancer growth that are sensitive to a specific hormone (estrogen)
TX metastatic breast Ca

22
Q

hormone modulators selective estrogen receptor: tamoxifen
and progestin SE AE and Nsg

A

Menopause like - hot flashes, vag dryness, moody, depression
endometrial Cancer, GI toxic, CVA, hypercalcemia, DVT and PE
Nsg
take with Ca and Vit D because lowered calcium = osteoporosis

23
Q

Extravasation

A

leaks of antineoplastic drugs into surrounding tissues during IV
permanent tissue damage resulting in skin grafts, surgery, amputation

24
Q

Nsg extravasation

A

stop infusion ASAP, and aspirate any remaining drug, do not remove the catheter, contact the pharmacist and provider
apply sterile dressings, elevation and rest of limp
document and follow protocol

25
Q

Nsg implications of chemo

A

infection prevention
no crowds or fresh/frozen produce, or plants
avoid bleeding
women need to be on a nondrug contraceptive (category X and D)
monitor for stomatitis
tx N/V with antiemetics 30-60 mins before chemo tx, small and frequent meals
do not clean chemo spills with bare hands, they require spill kits, and gloves

26
Q

chemo pt edu

A

-soft bristle toothbrush, electric razor
hydration to prevent nephrotoxicity
report tinnitus
peripheral neuropathy
infection prevention
avoid injury
donate egg or sperm for future

27
Q

chemo in general

A

monitor anaphylactic rxns, keep epi-pen, antihistamines, and anti-inflammatories near
monitor for infections closely (fever, sore throat, chills, elevated WBC)
monitor for bone marrow suppression - anemia, low platelets, neutropenia
ONC EMERGENCY
-infections, thrombocytopenia, pulmonary toxicity, allergic rxns, severe stomatitis bleeding,

28
Q

Hematopoietic drugs
-erythropoietin drugs
colony stimulating factors
platelet promoting drugs

A

erythropoietic drugs
Epoetin alpha
colony-stimulating factors
-filgrastim- given before infection begins
Platelet-promoting drugs
-Oprelvekin: enhances platelet formation

29
Q

Hematopoietic drugs MOA and Indication

A

MOA: decreases the length of chemo-induced anemia, neutropenia, thrombocytopenia
Indication: better RBC and platelet counts and avoid any transfusions

30
Q

Hematopoietic drugs SE AE and Nsg

A

SE AE edema, diarrhea, N/V headache
Nsg this allows for higher chemo doses and results in more cancer cells being targeted/killed

31
Q

Immune modulators

A

interferons alfa-2a

32
Q

Interferons MOA and indication

A

MOA interferon receptor sites on noninvaded cells are stimulated to make antiviral proteins and it stops tumor growth/replication into healthy cells.
Ind: Viral-genital warts, hepatitis, cancer-hairy cell leukemia, malignant melanoma, AIDs Kaposi sarcoma, autoimmune-MS

33
Q

SE AE of interferons immune modulators, interactions, Nsg

A

flu-like effects, HA, myalgia, anorexia,
all excessive feeling be reported
interact: live virus vaccines
Nsg
-ensure pt hydration to prevent AE
-acetaminophen for myalgia
-assess egg allergy
-report signs of infections
-fever, sore throat, diarrhea, vomiting, fever of 100.5
Monitor Therapeutic effect
-less lesions, better CBC, no anemia, or infections

34
Q

Disease Modifying antirheumatic drugs DMARS examples

A

Adalimumab, etanercept
methotrexate, hydrocycholorquine-used for auto-immune disorders

35
Q

Disease Modifying antirheumatic drugs DMARS MOA, indication, SE/AE, Nsg

A

MoA: tumor necrosis factor inhibitor
indication RA, crohn’s, psoriasis
SE/AE irritation at injection site, headache, heartburn NV,
contraindicated by active infections
NSG: minimal effect on healthy cells, decreases levels of c reactive protein CRP and erythrocyte sedimentation rate ESR and serum cytokines

36
Q

VAX

A

-artificial active immunity to expose the body to weak/less toxic proteins of the specific disease-causing organism
-live: MMR, Varicella, Zoster, Influenza
inactivated: polio, DTaP, HPV, IPV, Hep A, B,

37
Q

Nasal spray

A

is stored in freezer as a powder and reconstituted into a mist to be stored in a fridge
used between ages 2-49

38
Q

Vax severe effects

A

fever over 103
encephalitis
convulsions
anaphylactic rxn
dyspnea

39
Q

vax at 2 mo

A

IPV
DTaP
Hib
PCV
RV

40
Q

vax at 4mo

A

RV
DTaP
hib
PCV
IPV

41
Q

6mo vax

A

RV
DTaP
Hib
PCV

42
Q

4-6 vax

A

DTap
IPV
MMR
Varicella

Pharma (12 decks)

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