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Chemotherapy Week 3 Flashcards

(42 cards)

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1
Q

2 Forms of Chemotherapy

A

Antineoplastic and Cytotoxic antibiotics

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2
Q

Antineoplastic Drug Category and Examples

A

Antimetabolite: methotrexate
Mitotic Inhibitor: vincristine
Alkylating agent: cyclophosphamide

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3
Q

Cytotoxic Antibiotic generic drug example

A

doxorubicin

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4
Q

MOA of Chemotherapy

A

cytotoxic during specific cell-cycle phase

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5
Q

Mitotic MOA

A

kills cells at the start of mitosis

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6
Q

alkylating MOA

A

react chemically with parts of RNA, DNA, or cellular proteins

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7
Q

Hormones MOA

A

used in cancers sensitive to estrogen stimulation

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8
Q

Indication of methotrexate

A

acute and chronic lymphocytic leukemia, psoriasis, RA

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9
Q

Indication of Vincristine and doxorubicin

A

acute lymphocytic leukemia

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10
Q

indication of ALL chemo

A

breast/ovarian/testicular cancer and Hodgkin’s lymphoma

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11
Q

indication of cyclophosphamide

A

alkylating
-acute lymphomas, leukemia, breast/ovarian/bladder cancers

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12
Q

SE AE of ALL chemo drugs

A

Alopecia, N/V, anorexia, diarrhea, stomatitis, low WBC, and decreased bone marrow suppression

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13
Q

Cyclophosphamide SE/AE

A

peripheral neuropathy, ototoxicity, nephrotoxicity

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14
Q

Doxorubicin SE/AE

A

acute cardiac toxicity
-left ventricular failure cardiomyopathy, HF

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15
Q

Interactions with Methotrexate

A

ASA, NSAIDS leads to toxicity

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16
Q

Interactions with Vincristine

A

any drug toxic to the liver because hepatotoxicity is already an AE

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17
Q

Nsg implications of Chemo and assess

Study These Flashcards
A

Infection Prevention
monitor extravasation
Avoid direct skin and eye contact w/ drug
premedicate N/V with antiemetic
assess
CBC (WBCs RBCs and platelets) UA for blood and infection, AST/ALD for liver function, kidney function BUN and creatine

18
Q

Other drugs: Hydroxyurea, MOA and Indication, SE/AE, Nsg

Study These Flashcards
A

Kills cancer cells by interrupting DNA synthesis
Tx squamous cell cancer
SE/AE- HA, hyperuricemia, nephrotoxicity
Nsg: monitor bleeding & infection
-WBC < 2,500
-Platelets < 100,000

19
Q

Cancer Cell specific agent: Imatinib
MOA, indication SE/AE, Nsg

Study These Flashcards
A

MOA: stops Ca growth by inhibiting enzymes
indication: tx of adults with chronic myelocytic leukemia
SE AE: N/V, HF, Edema

20
Q

Hormone Modulators:
Selective Estrogen Receptor modulator AND
Progestin

Study These Flashcards
A

Tamoxifen
and
medroxyprogesterone

21
Q

MOA of hormone modulators

Study These Flashcards
A

as antineoplastics, they block receptors and prevent cancer growth that are sensitive to a specific hormone (estrogen)
TX metastatic breast Ca

22
Q

hormone modulators selective estrogen receptor: tamoxifen
and progestin SE AE and Nsg

Study These Flashcards
A

Menopause like - hot flashes, vag dryness, moody, depression
endometrial Cancer, GI toxic, CVA, hypercalcemia, DVT and PE
Nsg
take with Ca and Vit D because lowered calcium = osteoporosis

23
Q

Extravasation

Study These Flashcards
A

leaks of antineoplastic drugs into surrounding tissues during IV
permanent tissue damage resulting in skin grafts, surgery, amputation

24
Q

Nsg extravasation

Study These Flashcards
A

stop infusion ASAP, and aspirate any remaining drug, do not remove the catheter, contact the pharmacist and provider
apply sterile dressings, elevation and rest of limp
document and follow protocol

25
Nsg implications of chemo
infection prevention no crowds or fresh/frozen produce, or plants avoid bleeding women need to be on a nondrug contraceptive (category X and D) monitor for stomatitis tx N/V with antiemetics 30-60 mins before chemo tx, small and frequent meals do not clean chemo spills with bare hands, they require spill kits, and gloves
26
chemo pt edu
-soft bristle toothbrush, electric razor hydration to prevent nephrotoxicity report tinnitus peripheral neuropathy infection prevention avoid injury donate egg or sperm for future
27
chemo in general
monitor anaphylactic rxns, keep epi-pen, antihistamines, and anti-inflammatories near monitor for infections closely (fever, sore throat, chills, elevated WBC) monitor for bone marrow suppression - anemia, low platelets, neutropenia ONC EMERGENCY -infections, thrombocytopenia, pulmonary toxicity, allergic rxns, severe stomatitis bleeding,
28
Hematopoietic drugs -erythropoietin drugs colony stimulating factors platelet promoting drugs
erythropoietic drugs Epoetin alpha colony-stimulating factors -filgrastim- given before infection begins Platelet-promoting drugs -Oprelvekin: enhances platelet formation
29
Hematopoietic drugs MOA and Indication
MOA: decreases the length of chemo-induced anemia, neutropenia, thrombocytopenia Indication: better RBC and platelet counts and avoid any transfusions
30
Hematopoietic drugs SE AE and Nsg
SE AE edema, diarrhea, N/V headache Nsg this allows for higher chemo doses and results in more cancer cells being targeted/killed
31
Immune modulators
interferons alfa-2a
32
Interferons MOA and indication
MOA interferon receptor sites on noninvaded cells are stimulated to make antiviral proteins and it stops tumor growth/replication into healthy cells. Ind: Viral-genital warts, hepatitis, cancer-hairy cell leukemia, malignant melanoma, AIDs Kaposi sarcoma, autoimmune-MS
33
SE AE of interferons immune modulators, interactions, Nsg
flu-like effects, HA, myalgia, anorexia, all excessive feeling be reported interact: live virus vaccines Nsg -ensure pt hydration to prevent AE -acetaminophen for myalgia -assess egg allergy -report signs of infections -fever, sore throat, diarrhea, vomiting, fever of 100.5 Monitor Therapeutic effect -less lesions, better CBC, no anemia, or infections
34
Disease Modifying antirheumatic drugs DMARS examples
Adalimumab, etanercept methotrexate, hydrocycholorquine-used for auto-immune disorders
35
Disease Modifying antirheumatic drugs DMARS MOA, indication, SE/AE, Nsg
MoA: tumor necrosis factor inhibitor indication RA, crohn's, psoriasis SE/AE irritation at injection site, headache, heartburn NV, contraindicated by active infections NSG: minimal effect on healthy cells, decreases levels of c reactive protein CRP and erythrocyte sedimentation rate ESR and serum cytokines
36
VAX
-artificial active immunity to expose the body to weak/less toxic proteins of the specific disease-causing organism -live: MMR, Varicella, Zoster, Influenza inactivated: polio, DTaP, HPV, IPV, Hep A, B,
37
Nasal spray
is stored in freezer as a powder and reconstituted into a mist to be stored in a fridge used between ages 2-49
38
Vax severe effects
fever over 103 encephalitis convulsions anaphylactic rxn dyspnea
39
vax at 2 mo
IPV DTaP Hib PCV RV
40
vax at 4mo
RV DTaP hib PCV IPV
41
6mo vax
RV DTaP Hib PCV
42
4-6 vax
DTap IPV MMR Varicella

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