Chest & Lung TEST 1 Flashcards
(21 cards)
What red flag symptoms are important in a respiratory HPI?
Hemoptysis, chest pain, cyanosis, lower extremity pain, orthopnea, fever, night sweats, weight loss.
What are important social history factors for respiratory assessment?
Employment, environmental exposures, hobbies, travel, smoking, alcohol/drug use, respiratory infection exposure, sleep apnea.
What should be noted during chest inspection?
Size/shape (AP:lateral ratio), symmetry, color, venous patterns, rib prominence, respiration rate/rhythm/sounds.
What is a barrel chest and when is it seen?
AP diameter equals transverse diameter (1:1); seen in COPD.
What does INCREASED tactile fremitus suggest?
Consolidation.
What does DECREASED tactile fremitus suggest?
Pleural effusion.
What are vesicular breath sounds?
Low-pitched, low-intensity sounds heard over healthy lung tissue.
What are bronchial breath sounds and where are they normally heard?
High-pitched, intense sounds; normally only heard over the trachea.
What are some pediatric respiratory abnormalities?
Bronchiolitis, cystic fibrosis, tracheomalacia, diaphragmatic hernia, croup. Babies may have barrel chest until about 2yo, after 2 is a pulmonary symptom
What are common respiratory changes in pregnancy?
Dyspnea, deeper breathing, increased ventilation needs.
What are pectus carinatum and excavatum? What causes it?
Pigeon chest & Funnel chest. Marfan syndrome, Ehlers-Danlos syndrome. Congenital
What are bronchovesicular breath sounds and where are they normally heard?
Moderate pitch and intensity. Heard over the major bronchi, abnormal if heard over peripheral lung fields (may indicate consolidation)
What is bronchiolitis?
Bronchiolar (small airway) inflammation leading to hyperinflation of the lungs occuring in infants younger than 6 months.
What is tracheomalacia?
Lack of rigidity/floppiness of the trachea. Symptoms: “noisy breathing” or wheezing in infancy often with inspiratory stridor.
What is a diaphragmatic hernia, and what assessment findings support it?
Imperfectly structured diaphragm (almost always on the L) where the intestine moves into the chest cavity. Symptoms: increased WOB/resp distress dependent on amount of bowel in the pleural space but typically tachypnea, retractions and grunting, bowel sounds heard in chest, heart displaced to the right.
What is bronchiectasis, and what assessment finding support it?
chronic dilation of the bronchi or bronchioles caused by repeated pulmonary infections and bronchial obstruction. Symptoms: cough with large amount of sputum, may cause severe hemoptysis, tachypnea, clubbing, crackles and ronchi.
A patient with epiglottitis would exhibit which behavior?
Sitting straight up with neck extended
What are biot respirations?
Irregularly interspersed periods of apnea in a disorganized sequence of breaths
What is the correct order to examine the chest and lungs?
Inspection, palpation, percussion, auscultation
What would dull percussion and absent vocal fremitus indicate?
Possible empyema
What assessment findings would indicate Epiglottitis?
Sudden onset progressing rapidly without cough, painful sore throat with difficulty swallowing, muffled voice.
May sit straight up with neck extended and head held forward, anxiety, drooling open mouth, high fever, beefy red epiglottis
