ENT-- TEST 1

Question 1

What cranial nerve is responsible for hearing and balance?

Answer 1

CN VIII (Vestibulocochlear)

Question 2

What structures are inspected during an otoscopic exam?

Answer 2

Auditory canal, tympanic membrane (TM), cerumen, redness, light reflex, mobility

Question 3

How do you position the ear for otoscopic exam in adults vs children under 3?

Answer 3

Adults: Pull auricle up and back/ Children: pull auricle down and back

Question 4

What does a normal tympanic membrane look like?

Answer 4

Pearly gray, translucent, visible light reflex

Question 5

What does lateralization of sound in the Weber test indicate?

Answer 5

Possible unilateral hearing loss

Question 6

What are signs of otitis media?

Answer 6

Bulging red TM, decreased mobility

Question 7

What is a sign of otitis externa?

Answer 7

Pain with manipulation of the auricle or tragus

Question 8

What is the significance of pale nasal mucosa?

Answer 8

Allergic rhinitis

Question 9

How is sinus tenderness evaluated?

Answer 9

Palpation and transillumination

Question 10

What cranial nerve is tested with smell identification?

Answer 10

CN I (Olfactory)

Question 11

Which cranial nerves are involved in the gag reflex?

Answer 11

CN IX (Glossopharyngeal) and CN X (Vagus); Also the 2 cranial nerves invoked when asking patient to say “AHH”

Question 12

What is the function of CN XII (Hypoglossal)?

Answer 12

Tongue movement

Question 13

What are characteristics of leukoplakia?

Answer 13

White patches that cannot be scraped off; possible precancerous

Question 14

What is the significance of deviated uvula?

Answer 14

Possible CN X dysfunction or peritonsillar abscess

Question 15

What is Ménière’s disease characterized by?

Answer 15

Vertigo, tinnitus, fluctuating hearing loss

Question 16

What should always do before using the otoscope?

Answer 16

Palpate the ear

Question 17

Conductive vs. Sensorineural hearing loss

Answer 17

Conductive= reduced tramsission of sount to MIDDLE ear/ Sensorineual= reduced trasnmission of sound to the INNER ear

Question 18

What is the Weber test?

Answer 18

Assesses for unilateral hearing loss; Tuning fork on midline (top) of pateitns head; should sound the same on both sides “Weber test wears a hat”

Question 19

What is the Rinne test?

Answer 19

Assess for whether patient hears better by air or bone conduction; air should be better than bone; “Rinne wears earrings”

Question 20

What is the whispered voice test?

Answer 20

One ear at a time, whisper something behind patient to assess for hearing loss

Question 21

Transillumination of the sinuses normal vs abnormal

Answer 21

Normal: SHOULD glow red when light shined/ abnormal: absence of the red glow (means filled with fluid or us in the sinuses)

Question 22

which cranial nerve is associated with assessment of smiling?

Answer 22

CN VII (facial nerve)

Question 23

Which patient is at greatest risk for developing oral cancer?

Answer 23

A patient who has recently been diagnosed with substance abuse disorder

Question 24

Which category of medication may reduce saliva production in an older adult?

Answer 24

Antidepressants

Question 25

Which function is associated with the tympanic membrane?

Answer 25

Separates the external ear from the middle ear

Question 26

Which type of hearing loss first occurs with high-frequency sounds and then progresses to lower frequency tones?

Answer 26

Sensorineural hearing loss

Question 27

Which symptoms are typical of otitis media with an effusion?

Answer 27

Reports of a cracking sound when swallowing and some hearing loss.

Question 28

Which finding during a nose examination is associated with allergies?

Answer 28

Transverse crease (AKA allergic salute at the junction between the cartilage and bone of the nose may indicate frequent upward rubbing of the nose)

Question 29

Which finding is an expected variation which may be observed during a tongue inspection?

Answer 29

Superficial denuded circles exposing the tips of papillae (AKA geographic tongue)