Integumentary System-- TEST 1 Flashcards
(25 cards)
What are common changes in the skin, hair, and nails with aging?
Thinner skin, reduced elasticity, gray or thinning hair, brittle or thickened nails.
What are examples of normal findings in a skin exam?
Skin is warm, dry, intact; no lesions or discoloration; nails are smooth and pink; hair distribution is even.
What are some abnormal skin findings and their descriptions?
Macules, papules, vesicles, ulcers, carcinomas (e.g., BCC, SCC, melanoma), rashes, and infections.
What are typical normal findings for hair and nails in an exam?
Nails with smooth surface, normal curvature, no discoloration; hair with even distribution, no hair loss.
What are some common abnormal findings in hair and nails?
Clubbing, onychomycosis, alopecia, ridged or discolored nails.
What does ABCDE stand for in the assessment of melanoma?
Asymmetry, Border irregularity, Color variation, Diameter >6mm, Evolution of lesion.
What to know about the epidermis
Outermost layer of skin, main mechanical barrier against infections; has stem cells that contribute to skin regenerative (wolverine)
What to know about the dermis
Middle layer of connective tissue that is richly vascular; sensory nerve fibers are in here
What to know about the hypodermis
Adipose layer that generates heat, provides insulation, shcok absorption, and calorie reserve
Skin lesion differentiation: macular vs papular
Macular= Flat (ex: freckles, petechaie) / Papular= Raised, firm (ex: wart)
Skin lesion differentiation: patch vs plaque
Patch= Flat, non-papable, irregulary shaped macule (ex: vitilgo, port-wine stains) / Plaque= Elevated, firm, rough (ex: psoriasis)
Skin lesion differentiation: wheal vs nodule
Wheal= elevated, irregular, erythematous (ex: bug bites, allergic reaction) / Nodule= elevated, firm, deep in dermins (ex: dermatofibroma)
Skin lesion differentiation: tumor vs. vesicle
Tumor= elevated, solid lesion (ex: lipoma, neoplasms) / Vesicle= elevated but superficial, filled with fluid (ex: varicella, herpes zoster)
Squamous cell carcinoma
Peristent sore/lesion that will not heal; sun exposed areas mainly; locally invades dermis
Basal cell carcinoma
Almost always on the face; most common type; slow growing; pearly, rolled and well-defined margin with central ulcerated depression is the hallmark
Malignant Melanoma
Atypical pigmentation; ABCDE changes in lesion; usually on bodily areas that are hard to see and caught late
Erythyma Nordosum
Harry Potter Spell Typically in young women; Associated with strep infection; extremely painful, erythematous nodules on lower extremities; regresses in characteristic pattern of color changes (bright red to purple to yellow to green) over 1 to 2 weeks
Pityriasis Rosea
Herald patch appears first, “Christmas tree” distribution; Unknown etiology—suspect herpes 7; Predominately to trunk; NOT seen on palms or soles
Lichen planus
Unknown cause; Can occur anywhere, 50% have oral lesions also; look like psoriasis but PURITIC
Alopecia Areata
Sudden, rapid onset of coin-shaped loss of air; unknown cause; non-scarring; regrowth of hair is 1-3 months
Which pre-existing skin condition commonly increases in size and number during pregnancy?
Condylomata acuminata
Condylomata acuminata (genital warts)
Which angle would indicate nail clubbing?
Any nail angle > 180 degrees
Which tool is used to examine café au lait spots?
Wood’s lamp
Which area of the fingernail would be affected by dermatomyositis?
Cuticles
