Child- Ainsworth

Question 1

theories of attachment

Answer 1

babies form attachments to whoever feeds them, usually the mother. operant conditioning.

babies find certain responses like smiling beneficial as the mum likes it. so they do it more to get fed more

evolutionary theory= babies are pre- programmed to form attachments because it helps them survive more

Question 2

Bowlby

Answer 2

child has monotropy which forms a base to explore the world.a critical period for developing an attachment (about 0 -5 years). If an attachment has not developed during this period, then the child will suffer from irreversible developmental consequences

Question 3

Lorenz

Answer 3

geese eggs hatched
half with the mum half with lorenz
geese follow the first moving object they see, during a 12-17 hour critical period after hatching. This process is known as imprinting, and suggests that attachment is innate and programmed genetically.

Question 4

attachment types

Answer 4

secure- easily soothed and used as a base
insecure avoidant- very independent, parents are rejecting
insecure ambivalent- clingy behaviour, hard to soothe

Question 5

maternal deprivation

Answer 5

44 homeless children are more likely to have severe deprivation. affection-less psychopathy means cant form attachments.

Question 6

child hospitalisation

Answer 6

parents visiting kids discouraged in 1950s hospitals
Bowlby found that hospitalised children suffered emotional damage.
As a result of this, unrestricted visiting hours were put in place, and mothers were allowed to stay on hospital with their child.
nurses need to be trained to understand emotional needs

Question 7

family centred care

Answer 7

family involved in choosing the care of the child
the family always informed in childs condition
Another way hospitals can help to develop an attachment friendly environment is to get parents to engage with their children’s care. This might be in the form of bathing, dressing or reading, singing to the child. This means that the child still feels that the parents are responding to their needs and that they are still part of a family routine and therefore reducing feelings of neglect.

Question 8

aim

Answer 8

observe childs behaviour in a strange situation

Question 9

design

Answer 9

behind a one way mirror

controlled observation

Question 10

sample

Answer 10

56 ptts
23/ 56 longitudinal
33/ 56 observed once and 49 weeks

Question 11

the room

Answer 11

toys heaped in the middle

16 squares

Question 12

method

Answer 12

1. mum and baby in room
2. mum only played with baby if distressed
3. S entered and sat quietly
4. S talks to M and M leaves
5. if B happy then S left him
6. M enters but pauses to see if B will move. left. on own for 3 mins
7. S entered
8. M returned

Question 13

results

Answer 13

few babies found comfort in the stranger
with stranger less exploratory behaviour
situation wasnt stressful, the mum leaving was though
70% secure
15% IA
15% IR

Question 14

conclusions

Answer 14

with a threat, attachment increases
attachment is used as a base to explore
observable differences in types of attachment