Criminal- Wilson and Kelling

Question 1

why do psychologists agree that the Pruitt- Igoe project was unsuccessful?

Answer 1

it didn’t have defensible spaces

there was diminished responsibility

a reduced community feel

Question 2

what is meant by diminished responsibility

Answer 2

its a secondary area

where they live us too big with a reduced community feel

residents dont own the place so why should they take care of it

Question 3

what is meant by a defensible space

Answer 3

a sense of belonging will make you want to defend it and look after it

in pruitt- igoe there was a high turnover rate with plenty of strangers moving in on a regular basis

stairwells unowned so many drug users etc

communal areas were shared 1/20.

Question 4

what did Newman & Frank suggest about improving the quality of life in high- rise flats

Answer 4

improve point of access- 1 point of entry

more surveillance- lighting and cameras

sense of ownership- more communal areas, trees and benches, things to make it look nice and loved.

Question 5

what are zero tolerance policies

Answer 5

all crime should be prosecuted, even antisocial and low- level crime

Pollard- brutal police encounters stopped civilians and made them trust the police less.

Bratton- increased crime in NYC. he hired 7000 new police officers for foot patrol to prevent crime not just stop it. serious crime decreased by 37% and homicide by 50%

Question 6

target hardening

Answer 6

crime is harder
cameras
rational choice theory- weighing up pros and cons
weighing up benefits
displacement if crime

Question 7

alley gating

Answer 7

has poor lighting
is a crime hotspot
putting on gates with passwords makes getting in and out harder

Question 8

Aim

Answer 8

review

challenge fear of crime and police

Question 9

design

Answer 9

case study

review

no IV or DV

Question 10

Newark foot patrol

Answer 10

improve quality life
residents felt more at ease but police felt useless
police were preventing and stopping crime
crime happened less

Question 11

Broken window theory

Answer 11

Zimbardo left a nice car on a street in the Bronx and in Palo Alto in California. the car in Bronx lasted a 10 minutes before being completely ruined with car steroe and battery being removed. after a week in Palo alto however no change. When Zimbardo smashed a window in however it all changed and the car was annihilated very quickly

the theory that once an area has damage then others will follow suit. diminished responsibility.

Question 12

what does atomized

Answer 12

The Broken window theory applies to humans too, as they become ‘atomized’ and isolated from their community so they no longer care. This can be seen in the elderly as they lock themselves away behind doors to prevent themselves becoming a victim.

75% will cross the street if there is a gang, 50% if there is only 1 teen

Question 13

crime fighters

Answer 13

used in WWII to make arrests
all crime criminalised
community should do voluntary foot patrols
police should do rights of all over rights of the few
earns people trust to gain rapport

Question 14

targeting resources

Answer 14

BWT, areas with broken bits are too late and cant be saved

rich areas are safe too

areas on the brink of chaos only

Question 15

conclusions

Answer 15

distinction between high and low level crime made by BWT. areas should be maintained by foot patrol and volunteering