Criminal- Memon & Higham

Question 1

Identity parades

Answer 1

witnesses pick out the suspect from 6 different people so can be used in an eye-witness testimony.

Question 2

Wells

Answer 2

factors into lineups

ptts showed a video of a shopkeeper
ptts had to pick out the suspect from 6 people
split into 3 groups; 1. told they were correct 2. told they were incorrect 3. ptts told nothing
group 1 more confident and willing to testify in court

in conclusion use a double blind trial

Question 3

standard interviews

Answer 3

no training, always interrupting, always short answer questions, no layout for the interview. no aim.

pushing for info often leads to false info due to pressure from witnesses

Question 4

cognitive interview

Answer 4

1. context reinstatement (environment)
2. in-depth reporting (much detail as poss)
3. narrative reordering (back to front)
4. different perspective (victim)

Fisher investigated it, compared the SI and CI and found that 14.7% more info recalled post-training.

Question 5

enhanced CI

Answer 5

more pauses than CI
more breaks
kinder, and more sympathetic

Question 6

applications

Answer 6

PEACE model

P lan ahead
E ngage with witness. raport
A ccount no intteruptions
C lose up properly, raport
E valuate for next time. what else needs asking

Question 7

aim

Answer 7

to review

1. effectiveness CI
2. CI compared to SI
3. measures memory performance
4. quality of training

Question 8

design

Answer 8

review article
compilation of studies
discussion of studies

Question 9

effectiveness CI

Answer 9

in order to see effect of all components must study independently.

context reinstatement more important

control of “try harder”

Question 10

comparison with other interviews

Answer 10

• SI not standardised
• CI only better as detectives more confident delivering the technique
• guided memory interview uses trigger words and is a better comparison than SI
• CI and SI more similar in terms of questioning though

Question 11

measuring memory performance

Answer 11

• 14.7% remember better with CI

- however with percentages you cant see how memory works

Question 12

quality of training

Answer 12

• senior officers will not respond well to younger uni grads telling them how to do their job
• 4hrs CI = 0hrs SI you need more training than 4 hours
• individual differences, some will prefer it some will not
• CI training varies, sometimes is really good
• ECI and CI more exhausting which leads to more mistakes

Question 13

conclusions

Answer 13

attitudes
background
quality
length

all make a difference in collection of evidence