Child Development Lectures 7 and 8

Question 1

Stage 1a of childbirth

Answer 1

dilation and effacement of cervix

Question 2

stage 1b of childbirth

Answer 2

transition

Question 3

stage 2a of childbirth

Answer 3

pushing

Question 4

stage 2b of childbirth

Answer 4

birth

Question 5

stage 3 of childbirth

Answer 5

birth of placenta

Question 6

APGAR stands for

Answer 6

Appearance, Pulse, Grimace, Activity, Respiration

Question 7

Anoxia

Answer 7

lack of oxygen

Question 8

What period of the three (zygote, embryonic, and fetal) do most major structural abnormalities occur?

Answer 8

embryonic

Question 9

Which term is defined as, “How well a study can be repeated in the same or different forms and have similar results or findings?”

Answer 9

Reliability

Question 10

During the last 50 years birth rates have been…

Answer 10

decreasing

Question 11

Period of the zygote is best described as…

Answer 11

cell division and implantation

Question 12

Leboyer birth

Answer 12

low lighting, slow and deliberate movement by staff, and quiet

Question 13

How long is the zygotic period?

Answer 13

7-14 days

Question 14

Tobacco is most commonly associated with..

Answer 14

low birth weight

Question 15

immersion in water during the first stage of labor may be associated with..

Answer 15

shorter labor and greater likelihood of medication free delivery

Question 16

When did natural childbirth emerge?

Answer 16

1960s

Question 17

percent of all deliveries by cesarean

Answer 17

31.9%

Question 18

oxygen deprivation at birth tends to lead to..

Answer 18

brain damage or later cognitive or language problems

Question 19

Infants born at 35 weeks show substantially reduced rates of illness and lengthy hospital stays compared to those born at

Answer 19

34 weeks

Question 20

Macrosmia

Answer 20

babies that are born larger than 8 pounds 13 ounces

Question 21

average weight of newborn child

Answer 21

7 pounds 5 ounces

Question 22

why does macrosmia occur?

Answer 22

sustained high glucose levels during pregnancy

Question 23

Interventions for preterm infants (7)

Answer 23

Parent training in caregiving, NICU, respirator, feeding tube, intravenous medication, special infant stimulation, kangaroo or skin-to-skin contact

Question 24

Approaches to childbirth

Answer 24

natural childbirth, birthing classes, relaxing and breathing techniques, labor coach (NC,BC,RBT,LC)

Question 25

Medical interventions in childbirth

Answer 25

fetal monitoring, medication, instrument delivery, induced labor (FmMiDiL)

Question 26

Unnecessary caesarean sections can increase the risk of

Answer 26

maternal morbidity, neonatal death and neonatal admission to an intensive care unit. (MM,ND,NA)

Question 27

How much height do babies gain from birth to one year?

Answer 27

50%

Question 28

How much height do babies gain by 2 years?

Answer 28

75%

Question 29

How long do babies gain baby fat for?

Answer 29

9 months

Question 30

Cephalocaudal growth trend

Answer 30

"Head to tail", head grows faster than lower part of the body

Question 31

Proximodistal growth

Answer 31

"near to far", extremities grow later than head, chest, and trunk

Question 32

Cartilage cells are produced at the..

Answer 32

growth plates

Question 33

cartilages are located at the..

Answer 33

upper and lower epiphyses

Question 34

Fontanels

Answer 34

soft spaces between the plates of infants' skulls

Question 35

Synapses

Answer 35

spaces between neurons where transmissions are sent via chemical reactions

Question 36

Myelination

Answer 36

neurons develop their myelin sheath

Question 37

Myelin sheath

Answer 37

an insulation around nerves that allows impulses to transmit quickly

Question 38

synaptic pruning

Answer 38

neurons that aren't stimulated lose their synapses

Question 39

Frontal lobe

Answer 39

decision making, impulse control, judgement, emotion control (DM, IC, J, EC)

Question 40

Temporal lobe

Answer 40

sexuality, hearing, emotion, language, memory (SHELM)

Question 41

Parietal lobe

Answer 41

sensory perception, movement (SP, M)

Question 42

Occipital lobe

Answer 42

Primarily vision

Question 43

Cerebellum

Answer 43

coordination of voluntary movement, balance and equilibrium, and muscle tone (VM, BE, MT)

Question 44

Cerebellum location

Answer 44

under the mid brain, rests on the spinal column

Question 45

specialization of the two hemispheres

Answer 45

lateralization

Question 46

Left hemisphere of brain

Answer 46

processes information in a sequential, analytic way (SA)

Question 47

Right hemisphere of brain

Answer 47

Processes information in a holistic, integrative manner (HI)

Question 48

Early, extreme sensory deprivation results in...

Answer 48

permanent brain damage and loss of function

Question 49

Sleep need to decline from 18 to 12 hours by

Answer 49

age 2

Question 50

Night awakenings increase between the ages of

Answer 50

1.5 and 2 years and then decline

Question 51

3 Cs

Answer 51

Culture, Context, Community

Question 52

Influences on early growth

Answer 52

Hereditary, emotional well being, nutrition (HEN)

Question 53

There is a relationship between rapid weight gain in infancy and

Answer 53

later obesity

Question 54

The more information the cerebellum processes,

Answer 54

the more efficient it will become

Question 55

Marasmus

Answer 55

low essential nutrients

Question 56

Kwashiorkor

Answer 56

low protein

Question 57

Food insecurity

Answer 57

lack of access to food

Question 58

Iron-deficiency anemia

Answer 58

blood lacks healthy red blood cells

Question 59

children who are 1,501-2,500 grams at birth... (3.4-5.5 lbs)

Answer 59

about 8% have major disabilities and about 11% have minor disabilities

Question 60

children who are 1,001-1,500 grams... (2.2-3.3 lb)

Answer 60

about 14% have major disabilities and 23% have minor disabilities

Question 61

children less than 1,001 grams... (2.2 lbs)

Answer 61

25% have major disabilities and 25% have minor disabilities

Question 62

Causes of anoxia

Answer 62

Squeezing by umbilical cord, placenta abruptio, placenta previa, failing to breathe after birth, respiratory distress syndrome in preterm infants

Question 63

preterm infants

Answer 63

born weeks before due date, may be appropriate weight for length of pregnancy

Question 64

small for date infants

Answer 64

may be born at due date or preterm, below expected weight, might have weakened abilities to manage stress