Childhood Disorders

Question 1

Disorder characterized by persistent deficits in social communication and social interaction across multiple contexts
Restricted, repetitive patterns of behavior, interests, or activities

Answer 1

Autism spectrum disorder

Question 2

What is typically one of the first symptoms of autism?

Answer 2

Delayed, impaired speech

Question 3

Are males or females more likely to have autism?

Answer 3

Males (4:1)

Question 4

Condition where early development appears normal followed by restriction of brain growth (between 5-48 months of age) with impaired or declining developmental milestones thereafter

Answer 4

Rett syndrome

Question 5

ADHD must present by this age

Answer 5

12

Question 6

This symptom of ADHD may be less prominent in adolescence and adulthood

Answer 6

Hyperactivity

Question 7

Condition where several inattentive or hyperactive-impulsive symptoms are present in two or more settings

Answer 7

ADHD

Question 8

What is the most common type of ADHD?

Answer 8

Combined

Question 9

Is there a dietary cause to ADHD?

Answer 9

Unlikely

Question 10

In ADHD, deficits in this pathway may explain the impaired ability to delay gratification, resist distractions, regulate arousal, and attend to dull or repetitive tasks

Answer 10

Dopamine

Question 11

Reduced brain volume and global thinning of cortex are seen in this childhood condition

Answer 11

ADHD

Question 12

Condition with reduced cerebral blood flow and metabolic rates in the frontal lobes

Answer 12

ADHD

Question 13

In ADHD, there is reduced cerebral blood flow and metabolic rates in this part of the brain

Answer 13

Frontal lobes

Question 14

This is the superior treatment option for ADHD

Answer 14

Stimulants

Question 15

Methylphenidate is this type of drug

Answer 15

Stimulant

Question 16

Lisdexamfetamine is this type of drug

Answer 16

Stimulant

Question 17

Lisdexamfetamine is a prodrug converted to this in the gut

Answer 17

Amphetamine

Question 18

This stimulant is a prodrug converted to amphetamine in gut

Answer 18

Lisdexamfetamine

Question 19

Dosing of this type of drug in ADHD is titrated for maximal response and minimal disruption

Answer 19

Stimulant

Question 20

Is appetite decreased or increased with stimulants?

Answer 20

Decreased

Question 21

Decreased appetite, insomnia, headache, psychosis, cardiac and growth are adverse effects of this therapy for ADHD

Answer 21

Stimulants

Question 22

This is a black box warning for stimulants

Answer 22

Cardiac
(increase HR and BP; risk highest when anxiety is comorbid)

Question 23

This ADHD therapy has a black box warning of cardiac (increase HR and BP)

Answer 23

Stimulant

Question 24

The MOA of this nonstimulant ADHD therapy is norepinephrine specific reuptake inhibition

Answer 24

Atomoxetine / Viloxazine

Question 25

What is the MOA for Atomoxetine / Viloxazine in ADHD?

Answer 25

Norepinephrine specific reuptake inhibition

Question 26

Atomoxetine / Viloxazine inhibit the reuptake of this

Answer 26

Norepinephrine

Question 27

These drugs for ADHD are centrally acting alpha2 agonists that act presynaptically to inhibit norepinephrine release and postsynaptically to increase blood flow in prefrontal cortex

Answer 27

Clonidine and Guanfacine

Question 28

Clonidine and Guanfacine are agonists to this

Answer 28

Alpha2

Question 29

Clonidine and Guanfacine inhibit the release of this

Answer 29

Norepinephrine

Question 30

Clonidine and Guanfacine act postsynaptically to increase this

Answer 30

Blood flow (in prefrontal cortex)

Question 31

What effect do Clonidine and Guanfacine have on blood flow in the prefrontal cortex?

Answer 31

Increase

Question 32

These two ADHD therapies increase blood flow in prefrontal cortex

Answer 32

Clonidine and Guanfacine

Question 33

Adverse effects of these ADHD therapies include hypotension and rebound upon abrupt discontinuation (black box warning)

Answer 33

Clonidine and Guanfacine

Question 34

Some evidence that combined with stimulants, these agents are associated with increased risk of cardiac problems and death

Answer 34

Clonidine and Guanfacine

Question 35

What is the black box warning for Clonidine and Guanfacine?

Answer 35

Rebound upon abrupt discontinuation

Question 36

Is hypo- or hypertension an adverse effect of Clonidine and Guanfacine?

Answer 36

Hypotension

Question 37

Sedation may be dose limiting for these ADHD therapies

Answer 37

Clonidine and Guanfacine

Question 38

When combined with stimulants, Clonidine and Guanfacine may cause increase risk of this

Answer 38

Cardiac problems and death

Question 39

Type of tic that is sudden, brief movements Limited number of muscle groups

Answer 39

Simple

Question 40

Type of tic that is distinct, coordinated patterns Several muscle groups

Answer 40

Complex

Question 41

Condition characterized by enduring pattern of negativistic, hostile, and defiant behaviors in the absence of serious violations of social norms or the basic rights of others

Answer 41

Oppositional defiant disorder

Question 42

What is the treatment for Oppositional defiant disorder?

Answer 42

Parent management training Behavioral therapy

Question 43

Condition with angry/irritable mood, argumentative and defiant behavior, and vindictiveness

Answer 43

Oppositional defiant disorder

Question 44

Condition involving aggression to people and animals, destruction of property, deceitfulness or theft, serious violations of rules

Answer 44

Conduct disorder