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Flashcards in childhood/early onset disorders Deck (22)
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1
Q

infant deprivation effects

A
  • 4Ws: weak, wordless, wary, wanting
  • failure to thrive (weak)
  • poor language/socialization skills (wordless)
  • lack of basic trust (wary)
  • reactive attachment disorder: infant withdrawn/unresponsive to comfort
  • deprivation for >6m –> irreversible changes
  • severe deprivation can cause death
2
Q

vulnerable child syndrome

A
  • parents irrationally perceive the child as esp susceptible to illness/injury. usually follows serious illness/life-threatening event.
3
Q

ADHD

A
  • onset b4 12
  • tx: methylphenidate +/- CBT
  • alternative tx: atomoxetine, guanfacine, clonidine
4
Q

Autism spectrum disorder

A
  • poor social interactions, social communication deficits, repetitive/ritualized behaviors, restricted interests
  • must present in early childhood
  • may be accompanied by intellectual disability
  • MC boys
  • assoc with increased head/brain size
5
Q

Rhett Syndrome

A
  • x-linked dominant
  • most de novo mutation of MECP2
  • seen almost exclusively in girls (affected males die in utero),
  • sx apparent around age 4: regressionk loss of development, loss of verbal abilities, intellectual disability, ataxia, stereotyped hand-wringing
6
Q

conduct disorder

A
  • repetitive and pervasive behavior violating the basic rights of others or societal norms (ie aggression to people/animals, destruction of property, theft)
  • after age 18 often reclassified to antisocial personality disorder
  • tx: CBT
7
Q

oppositional defiant disorder

A
  • enduring pattern of hostile, defiant behavior to authority figure in the absence of serious violations of social norms; tx: CBT
8
Q

disruptive mood dysregulation disorder

A
  • onset b4 10
  • severe, recurrent temper outbursts out of proportion to situation
  • child constantly angry/irritable btw outbursts
  • tx: stimulants, antipsychotics, CBT
9
Q

dissociative identity disorder

A
  • formerly multiple personality disorder
  • presence of 2 (+) distinct identities/personality states
  • MC women
  • assoc with history of sexual abuse, PTSD, depression, substance abuse, borderline personality, somatoform conditions
10
Q

depersonalization/derealization disorder

A
  • persistent feelings of detachment/estrangement from one’s own body, thoughts, perceptions, and actions (depersonalization) or one’s environment (derealization)
11
Q

causes of reversible dementia

A
  • dementia: decrease in function, not consciousness
  • hypothyroidism, depression, vit deficiency (B1, B3, B12), normal pressure hydrocephalus, neurosyphilis
  • EEG usually normal
  • as opposed to delirium (reversible) where consciousness waxes and wanes, and there is diffuse slowing of EEG
12
Q

causes of irreversible dementia

A
  • dementia: decrease in function, not consciousness
  • alzheimers, lewy body, huntington, pick disease, cerebral infarct, wilson disease, creutzfeldt-jakob disease, chronic substance abuse (due to neurotoxicity), HIV
  • EEG usually normal
  • as opposed to delirium (reversible) where consciousness waxes and wanes, and there is diffuse slowing of EEG
13
Q

hypnopompic hallucination

A
  • occurs while waking from sleep
  • “pompous upon waking”
  • sometimes seen in narcolepsy
14
Q

visual vs auditory hallucination

A
  • visual MC seen in medical illness (ie drug intox), auditory MC feature of psych illness
  • gustatory: rare but seen in epilepsy
15
Q

Olfactory hallucination

A
  • often occur as aura of temporal lobe epilepsy (ie burning rubber) and in brain tumors
16
Q

tactile hallucination

A
  • common in alcohol withdrawal and stimulant use

- delusional parasitosis “cocaine crawlies”

17
Q

hypnagogic hallucination

A

occurs while going to sleep; sometimes seen in narcolepsy

18
Q

Decreased in narcolepsy

A

Caused by decreased hypocretin (Orexin) production in lateral hypothalamus

19
Q

Night terrors occur during

A

Slow-wave/deep (N3) sleep. Bc occurs during non-REM sleep there is no memory. Vs nightmares occur in REM.

20
Q

Refeeding syndrome

A

Seen in anorexia. Increased insulin —> hypophosphatemia —> heart complications

21
Q

Physical changes seen in schizophrenia

A
  • increased D activity
  • decreased dendritic branching
  • ventriculomegaly
  • negative sx persist after tax but + disappear
22
Q

Psychotic disorder vs schizophreniform vs schizoaffective vs schizophrenia

A
  1. Brief psychotic disorder: lasts <1m, usually stress related
  2. Schizophreniform: 1-6m
  3. Schizophrenia: lasts >6m
  4. Schizoaffective disorder: schizophrenia + major mood disorder (major depressive or bipolar). Pt must have >2 weeks of hallucinations/delusions w/o major mood episode