Childhood Viral Diseases Flashcards
(54 cards)
Measles mode of transmission:
inhalation of aerosolized droplets
measles incubation period
10-14 days
Symptom onset of measles coincides with:
second round of virus replication ; LN, tonsils, lungs, GI tract, spleen
measles primary viremia
primary infection in respiratory epithelium
measles secondary viremia
sx onset in lymph nodes, lungs, spleen, tonsils, GI tract
Measles rash -
Koplik spots
Virus and immune response damage to epithelial and endothelial tissues
Complications of measles
Immune suppresion & opportunistic infections
Blindness in VitA deficient children
Acute disseminated encephalomyelitis (ADEM)
Subacute sclerosing panencephalitis (SSPE)
Immune suppression in measles occurs because
interference with CD46 and signaling lymphocyte activation molecule (SLAM) receptors
Measles diagnosis
2-3 days fever, cough, conjunctivitis, coryza Koplik spots Viral isolation in culture (difficult) Serology ELISA, PCR
Koplik spots
small, bright red spots with blue centers on buccal mucosa
T/F? Measles is one of the most contagious diseases known
true; people are infectious 2-3 days before rash
Measles prevention
vaccine. lifelong immunity, live attenuated vaccine, safe.
Respiratory Syncytial Virus (RSV) characteristicsg
replication limited to respiratory tract
inhalation of aerosol, fomites
no animal reservoir
T/F? Once you’ve had RSV you have lifelong immunity
False; does not yield lifelong immunity
Why doesn’t a RSV infection yield lifelong immunity?
infants have immature immune system
infection limited to respiratory tract epithelium where IgA response is short lived
low cytotoxicity = slow immune response
These populations are at higher risk for severe RSV
premature birth
male
second hand smoke
formula fed
RSV prevention
no antivirals
no vaccine
passive immunoprophylaxis - Palivizumab
Palivizumab acts by:
passive immunoprophylaxis to RSV
humanized monoclonal antibody
targets fusion protein that creates sycytia
IM injection once a month
RSV replication
infects ciliated cells in respiratory tract epithelium
fusion “F” protein creates syncytia
virus buds from cell surface
Varicella Zoster replication
replication in cell
active cell - replication
resting cell - latent infection
infects neighboring cells first
Chickenpox contraction
inhalation of aerosolized droplets
chickenpox incubation period
10-21 days
chickenpox symptoms
fever, malaise, headache
rash 1-2 after symptom onset
recovery usually 2 weeks after sx onset
chickenpox rash
starts 1-2 days after symptom onset
lasts 3-6 days
rash primarily on scalp, face, trunk
