chlamydia, pajaroellobacter, and moraxella

Question 1

what would not be a differential for small acne die-off of birds

Answer 1

leptospira interrogans

Question 2

what agents are potentially zoonotic causes of abortion in humans?

Answer 2

brucella melitensis
coxiella burnetii
borellia burgdorferi
chlamydophila bouts
leptospira interrogans

Question 3

what is the best samples to collect when there is a small scale bird die-off

Answer 3

conjunctival swab
cloacal swab

Question 4

what are the test results if positive for a small scale bird die off?

Answer 4

chlamoydophila PCR+

Question 5

is chlamydiaceae zoonotic?

Answer 5

yes

Question 6

what is the infectious form of chlamydiaceae

Answer 6

elementary bodies

Question 7

what is the intracellular form of chlamydiaceae?

Answer 7

reticulate bodies

Question 8

what are the clinical presentations caused by chlamydiaceae?

Answer 8

psittacosis
repro losses
conjunctivitis

Question 9

what are agents that cause abortions in sheep and are also zoonotic

Answer 9

Question 10

if there is an abortion in sheep what samples do you want to collect?

Answer 10

aborted fetuses + placenta
blood from dam

Question 11

what are tests you should run when there are abortions in sheep?

Answer 11

chlamoydophila FA/PCR

Question 12

what other species are susceptible when there is abortions occurring in sheep?

Answer 12

humans

Question 13

what causes cystitis and conjunctivitis in koalas and ruminants?

Answer 13

chlamoydophila pecorum
KIDS (koala immunodeficiency syndrome)- koala retrovirus similar to HIV

Question 14

what chlamoydophila spp effects avians and humans? what target organs do they affect?

Answer 14

C. psittici
respiratory, GI, eyes

Question 15

what chlamoydophila spp effects ruminants and humans? what target organs do they affect?

Answer 15

C. abortus
reproductive

Question 16

what chlamoydophila spp affects cats? what target organs do they affect?

Answer 16

C. felis
eyes

Question 17

what chlamoydophila spp affects guinea pigs? and what target organs do they affect?

Answer 17

C. caviae
eyes

Question 18

what chlamoydophila spp affect ruminants and koalas? what target organs do they affect?

Answer 18

C. pecorum
ruminants- joints, eyes, CNS
koalas- eyes, reproductive

Question 19

what is the pathogenesis of chlamydiaceae and how is it transmitted?

Answer 19

Question 20

how do you diagnose chlamydiaceae?

Answer 20

collect fetal, placental tissues, conjunctival swabs to sample
-PCR

Question 21

treatment for chlamydiaceae

Answer 21

tetracyclines
vaccination
isolation
removal of infectious materials

Question 22

what is the life cycle of the typical chlamydial agent?

Answer 22

aerosol or fecal-oral trasmission
-environmental, infectious form
replication in mucous membranes or resp epithelium
-intracellular form

Question 23

how do chlamydial infections induce disease, alone and in tandem with other agents?

Answer 23

Question 24

what is the agent that causes foothills abortion in first-calf heifers

Answer 24

pajaroellobacter abortibovis

Question 25

how is pajaroellobacter transmitted?

Answer 25

ornithodoros coriaceus (tick)

Question 26

how do you diagnose pajaroellobacter abortibovis

Answer 26

PCR IHC (aborted fetal tissues)

Question 27

how do you prevent pajaroellobacter abortobovis

Answer 27

recently approved vaccination using live strains/attentuated 60 days prior to breeding

Question 28

what are the differential diagnosis for bovine conjuntivits

Answer 28

Question 29

what samples should you collect for bovine conjunctivitis?

Answer 29

conjunctival swabs

Question 30

what tests should you run for bovine conjuntivitis?

Answer 30

culture IBR FA

Question 31

what is the pathogenesis and transmission of bovine conjunctivitis

Answer 31

direct contact stressful events

Question 32

what are the prevention and treatment methods for bovine conjunctivitis

Answer 32

quarantine isolation management tetracycline anti-inflammatories vaccination available

Question 33

what common infections are seen with moraxella and what other agents may contribute to clinical presentations?

Answer 33

conjunctivitis, often in concert with infectious bovine rhinotracheitis (IBR)

Question 34

what predisposing factors contribute to clinical disease for morazella?

Answer 34

-stress -seasonality and emergency of biological vectors -intro of new animals which may be silent carriers

Question 35

how are moraxella infections commonly diagnosed?

Answer 35

clinical appearance along with culture of conjunctival swab

Question 36

how are moraxella infections typically prevented and treated?

Answer 36

quarantine new animals isolation of infected management of insect vectors antibiotics- tetracyclines; anti-inf

Question 37

a koala from the zoo presents with lesions, what is the best approach for diagnosing the disease?

Answer 37

PCR for chlamoydophila

Question 38

what tick is considered a vector for the agent causing foothill abortion in cattle?

Answer 38

ornithodoros coriaceus

Question 39

what is least likely associated with and outbreak of bovine conjunctivitis?

Answer 39

a closed herd receiving their yearly vaccines