mycoplasma

Question 1

what type of gram is Mycoplasma and how does it stain?

Answer 1

classified as gram + but stain as gram - b/c they have no peptidoglycan layer

Question 2

what is added to the Mycoplasma membrane in order to give it stability?

Answer 2

sterols

Question 3

where are nonhemotropic Mycoplasma and Ureaplasma found?

Answer 3

respiratory, articular surface, mammary glands, serous/serous membranes

Question 4

where is hemotropic Mycoplasma found?

Answer 4

chemotropic mycoplasmas or hemoplasmas parasitized RBC which causes regenerative anemia
-found on surface of RBC

Question 5

what was hemotropic mycoplasmas formerly known as?

Answer 5

haemobartonella and eperythrozoon

Question 6

what type of mycoplasma was associated with infections but not pathogenic?

Answer 6

acholeplasma

Question 7

what mycoplasma are reportable diseases? and in what species?

Answer 7

bovine- mycoplasma mycoides mycoides

caprine & ovine- mycoplasma capricolum capripneumoniae

Question 8

what mycoplasma spp is monitored? and in what species

Answer 8

avian- M. gallisepticum and M. synoviae

caprine & ovine- M. agalactiae, M. capricolum capricolum, M. putrefaciens, M. mycoides capri, M. mycoides mycoides LC

Question 9

what is significant about mycoplasma replication?

Answer 9

smallest self-replicating organism

Question 10

describe mycoplasma cell wall structure

Answer 10

no cell wall= no peptidoglycan layer= no shape

Question 11

what is the mycoplasma cell membrane comprised of?

Answer 11

unite (trilaminar) with cholesterol

Question 12

what type of bacteria can have a temporary loss of peptidoglycan layer and can be mistaken for mycoplasma or vice versa?

Answer 12

L form bacteria

Question 13

what can be used to stain mycoplasma?

Answer 13

dienes stain

Question 14

describe mycoplasma
morphology
cells
colonies
nutrient req
repro
oxygen

Answer 14

morph- filterable
cells- cocci, spirals, filament, rings
colonies- fried egg shape
nutrients- fastidious; reduce genome with loss of metabolic pathways
repro- binary fission or elongation w/ breakup
oxygen- facultative anaerobes

Question 15

what are the virulence factors for mycoplasma?

Answer 15

*adhesion
antigenic and phase variation
biofilm
H2O2
capsule
capping
mimicry

Question 16

who is the reservoir for mycoplasma spp in hemotropic and nonhemotropic?

Answer 16

host

Question 17

Dx for mycoplasma

Answer 17

sample
media
culture

Question 18

when sampling mycoplasma where do you sample from and how and what time frame do you deliver it?

Answer 18

sources- mucosal scrape, tracheal exudate, aspirate

refrigerate and deliver 24-48 hours

Question 19

when doing a media test for Dx of mycoplasma, how do you transport it and why?

Answer 19

with antimicrobials to limit G+ & G- overgrowth
-transport amides medium without charcoal
-mastitic milk add ampicillin

Question 20

what types of cultures are used for mycoplasma?

Answer 20

PPLO
modified hay flick agar
-brain heart infusion base

Question 21

what is the best method to Dx hemotropic mycoplasmas?

Answer 21

PCR & qPCR

Question 22

what is the treatment for mycoplasma

Answer 22

tetracycline
macrolides
fluoroquinolone

Question 23

causative agent for hemotropic infection in cats

Answer 23

mycoplasma haemofelis

Question 24

epidemiology for feline infectious anemia (hemoplasmosis)

Answer 24

hemotropic mycoplasmosis
common free roaming cats
transmission- bite wounds
recovered cat can be carrier

Question 25

what are the clinical presentations for feline infectious anemia (hemoplasmosis)

Answer 25

common acute form -anemia

Question 26

best methods for Dx feline infectious anemia (hemoplasmosis)

Answer 26

PCR- best method can also use Coombs test

Question 27

Tx for FIA

Answer 27

doxycycline

Question 28

mycoplasma gallisepticum clinical signs chicken vs turkey

Answer 28

chicken- chronic resp disease turkey- infectious sinusitis and more severe

Question 29

Dx for mycoplasma gallisepticum

Answer 29

screen- flock testing -serum plate agglutination test

Question 30

mycoplasma synoviae clinical signs

Answer 30

synovitis turkey- sternal bursitis

Question 31

Dx for mycoplasma synoviae

Answer 31

PCR

Question 32

causative agent of swine enzootic pneumonia

Answer 32

mycoplasma hyopneumoniae

Question 33

when does mycoplasma hyopneumonia usually effect pigs?

Answer 33

8-20 weeks

Question 34

clinical signs of mycoplasma hyopneumoniae

Answer 34

chronic nonproductive cough

Question 35

what mycoplasma species are associated with mycoplasma arthritis?

Answer 35

mycoplasma hyorhinis and hyosynoviae -these are commensals

Question 36

what age does mycoplasma hyorhinis affect?

Answer 36

3-10 weeks

Question 37

what are the clinical presentations of mycoplasma hyorhinis

Answer 37

arthritis polyserositis

Question 38

Dx of mycoplasma hyorhinis

Answer 38

joint fluid

Question 39

what are the characteristic signs of polyserositis and what other disease would be on your differential list?

Answer 39

polyserositis -differentiate from glasser's disease, glasserella parasuis

Question 40

at what age does mycoplasma hyosynoviae infect pigs?

Answer 40

12-30 weeks

Question 41

what does mycoplasma hyosynoviae cause in gilts

Answer 41

polyarthritis- from an upper resp tract source

Question 42

causative agent of bronchopneumonia and mastitis in feedlot cattle and severe pneumonia in calves

Answer 42

mycoplasma bovis

Question 43

bacterial involved in bovine resp disease complex

Answer 43

pasturella multocida mannheimia haemolytica histophillus somni ot truepurella pyogenes

Question 44

clinical presentation mycoplasma Bovis

Answer 44

harsh hacking cough swollen joints & arthritis primary joints- carpus shoulder hip hawk

Question 45

Tx for mycoplasma bovis

Answer 45

no effective treatment or vax

Question 46

causative agent for contagious agalactia in ovine and caprine

Answer 46

mycoplasma agalctiae

Question 47

what is the 3 part syndrome of mycoplasma agalactiae

Answer 47

mastitis arthritis keratoconjunctivitis

Question 48

where is mycoplasma mycoides mycoides found in the world

Answer 48

endemic central africa Middle East

Question 49

clinical signs of mycoplasma mycoides mycoides

Answer 49

severe fibrous pneumonia

Question 50

cause of contagious caprine pleuropneumonia

Answer 50

M. capricolum capripneumoniae

Question 51

what is important about mycoplasma cynos

Answer 51

-part of canine infectious resp disease -one of causes of kennel cough