Chlamydia/Syphilis/Gonorrhoea Flashcards by Grace McNally

Incidence

of people (cases) that are newly infected during a specified time period

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Prevalence

of people within population with the disease

already positive

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_____________ is when you acquire the disease, then you become part of ________________

incidence
prevalence

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Rate

frequency of event compared to # of people at risk

events / population size

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what age group are STIs most common in? why?

15-24

more sexual partners
higher turnover

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what 3 factors determine rate of STI spread?

rate of exposure of susceptible people
efficiency of transmission per exposure
duration of infectivity

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how can STIs spread?

sexual intercourse

oral-genital contact

IV drugs

congenital

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what causes syphilis?

treponema pallidum

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where are syphilis outbreaks most common?

male-male sex

sex workers

long term care

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how do HSV, HPV, chlamidyia and gonorrhoea spread? what about HIV?

orally

not orally
- semen
- vaginal fluid

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___________ tend to be more biologically prone to STIs. why?

women

biological anatomy
- less surface area
- men with foreskin have increased SA

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what are some harm reduction strategies for preventing STI acquisition?

safe sex (condoms)
less sexual partners
HPV vaccination

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what are the 3 bacterial STIs?

treponema pallidum

chlamydia trachoma’s

neisseria gonorrhoea

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what are the 3 viral STIs?

HIV
HPV
HSV

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what is the one parasitic STI?

trichomonas vaginalis

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syphylis is often called ________________

the great imitator

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primary syphilis

following inoculation via micro abrasions

painless, non-purulent chancre (sore)

don’t know you have it

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secondary syphilis

disseminated rash on hands and feet
- not itchy
- painless

sore throat
muscle aches
malaise
weight loss

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tertiary syphilis

gumma

soft gummy lesion

leads to degeneration of blood vessels in brain and heart
- stop making sense

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how does secondary syphilis manifest systemically?

hepatitis
kidney damage

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when does tertiary syphilis occur?

20-40 years after initial infection

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how is syphilis treated?

penicillin

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where does the syphilis chancre present in women?

labia or cervix

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where does the syphilis chancre present in men?

penis (most)
oral cavity
anus
rectum

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how is syphilis diagnosed?

testing syphilis specific antibodies - treponema tests (IgG and IgM) testing for non-syphilis specific proteins - non-treponema tests (RPR and VDRL)

what are RPR titers used for in syphillus?

to monitor response to therapy RPR titers will fall with therapy

What causes chlamydia?

intracellular bacteria called Chlamydia trachomatis

How is chlamydia transmitted?

sexual contact (oral, vaginal or anal) ocular exposure to sexual fluid mother to child (during birth)

How is chlamydia detected?

PCR can't be grown

Most chlamydia is ___________

asymptomatic

what are the 3 manifestations of Chlamydia trachomatis?

1. Trachoma 2. Lymphogranuloma venereum 3. Genital infection

What is the incubation period for Chlamydia trachomatis?

1-3 weeks

40% of women and 20% of men infected with Chlamydia trachomatis are also co-infected with ________________

Neisseria gonorrhoea

Chlamydia trachomatis increases risk of acquiring __________

other STIs (including HIV)

Chlamydia causes the highest disease burden in what age groups?

15-19 and 20-24

Chlamydia rates are higher in men or women?

women

What cell type does Chlamydia trachomatis infect?

columnar epithelial cells

Why does infection of columnar epithelial cells by CT in adolescent females increase risk?

1) columnar epithelium extends further into ectocervix in adolescent females - more exposed - not tucked into cervical canal 2) thin and less protective mucus plug - easier penetration

What happens once CT has infected columnar epithelial cells?

epithelial ells recruit neutrophils causing inflammatory response

What are the consequences of CT genital tract infections for females?

ectopic pregnancies pelvic inflammatory disease preihepatitis infertility

Most cases of Chlamydia are asymptomatic, but what symptoms can MEN present with?

penile itching pain with urination swelling of testicles

Most cases of Chlamydia are asymptomatic, but what symptoms can WOMEN present with?

burning with urination abnormal discharge bleeding pain during intercourse abdominal lower back pain fever and chills

What kind of specimen used to be collected for Chlamydia? What kind of sample do we collect now? What should not be sent for diagnosis?

OLD: swab into urethra NOW -urine sample (pee in cup) - endocervix samples DON'T send semen or discharge

Anyone that is tested for CT should also be tested for ______________

neisseria gonorrhoea

What kind of bacteria is neisseria gonorrhoea?

gram negative diplococci

gonorrhoea is more ____________

inflammatory

NG is always considered ___________

pathogenic

the ONLY hosts for NG are __________

humans

where does NG cause infection?

mucous membranes - genital tract - cervix - fallopian tubes - uterus - rectum - pharynx - eyes - mouth - throat

where does NG cause infection in MALES specifically?

seminal vesicle prostate urethral strictures

If left untreated NG can lead to ______________ in females

pelvic inflammatory disease

do yo you have to ejaculate to spread gonorrhoea?

what can pelvic inflammatory disease lead to?

abscesses fallopian tube damage ectopic pregnancy infertility

how is NG transmitted?

sexually mother to chid (during birth)

what are some symptoms of NG in WOMEN?

green discharge pelvic pain burning with urination conjunctivitis bleeding vulvitis (swelling of vulva) swelling or burning in throat (oral sex)

what are some symptoms of NG in MEN?

green/yellow discharge burning with urination burning or swelling in throat (oral sex) painful or swollen testicles

what are the complications of disseminated gonococcal infection?

arthritis endocarditis meningitis

what is the incubation period for gonorrhoea?

2-8 days

when should you seek treatment for NG?

always!

__________ are more likely to be symptomatic with NG and therefore more likely to _______________

men more likely to seek care

most NG infections occur in what age group?

15-24

most cases of urethritis caused by NG will _______________

spontaneously resolve after several weeks

where do we swab for NG in males?

anterior portion of urethra

where do we swab for NG in females?

endocervical canal after removing mucus plug

how is NG diagnosed?

PCR and culture

which STI is multi-drug resistant?

neisseria gonorrhoea

Chlamydia/Syphilis/Gonorrhoea Flashcards

(66 cards)