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MICR 121 > Enteric Bacteria > Flashcards

Enteric Bacteria Flashcards

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1
Q

what are the 6 bacterial enteric pathogens?

A

salmonella

shigella

E.coli

campylobacter

yersinia

C. perfringens

listeria

c. diff

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2
Q

where is salmonella found?

A

beef

chicken

reptiles

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3
Q

shigella is considered ___________ cousin

A

E.coli’s cousin

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4
Q

shigella causes _________ diarrhea because it ____________

A

bloody diarrhea

invades gastric mucosa

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5
Q

where is E. coli found?

A

in our gut

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6
Q

does E. coli on food make us sick?

A

no, it has to be toxic

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7
Q

what type of yersinia is found in undercooked seafood?

A

enterolitica

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8
Q

to cause gastroenteritis, C. diff must be preceded by ________

A

antibiotics

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9
Q

what are the 3 ways to avoid gastroenteritis?

A
  1. cook
  2. boil
  3. peel

or forget it

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10
Q

bacteria that invade the gastric mucosa cause __________

A

bloody diarrhea

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11
Q

what is acute gastroenteritis?

A

diarrheal disease

rapid onset

+/- nausea, vomiting, fever

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12
Q

acute vs chronic diarrhea

A

acute: < 14 days

chronic: > 14 days

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13
Q

what is dysentery?

A

blood or mucous in stool

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14
Q

what causes gastroenteritis?

A

inflammation of GI tract

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15
Q

bloody vs watery stool

A

bloody: mucosal invasion

watery: no mucosal invasion

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16
Q

what season is bacterial gastro associated with?

A

BBQ season

opposite to viral gastro

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17
Q

what pathogens cause watery diarrhea?

A

rotavirus

E. coli

Vibrio cholera

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18
Q

what pathogens cause bloody diarrhea?

A

shigella spp

entamoeba histolytica

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19
Q

what sites of the GI are involved in viral vs bacterial gastro?

A

viral: SI

bacterial: colon

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20
Q

viral diarrhea is mostly _______

A

watery

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21
Q

bacterial diarrhea is mostly __________

A

bloody

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22
Q

what does C. perfringens cause? why?

A

bulging cans

Gram positive anaerobe

produces CO2 which causes bloating

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23
Q

why should you throw out bulging cans?

A

toxins are heat stable

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24
Q

what are some toxin mediated bacteria?

A

S. aureus

clostridium

botulinum

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25
what does toxin mediated bacteria mean?
its the production of toxins that cause disease
26
how are bacterial enteric pathogens transmitted?
fecal-oral ingestion of contaminated food and water
27
what kind of bacteria is salmonella?
gram negative bacili
28
what are the sources of salmonella infections?
beef poultry unpasteurized milk & eggs vegetables inadequate thawing travel
29
what animal in particular carry salmonella in their gut?
reptiles
30
who is at increased risk for salmonella infections?
IBD immunocompromised
31
what is the infectious dose for salmonella?
> 1000
32
_________ are also a possible vector of salmonella transmission
flies
33
acute presentation with short incubation periods are associated with ___________
toxins
34
longer incubation is associated with ______________
bacterial invasion
35
what increases risk of stomach infections? why?
antacids neutralize protective stomach acids
36
what is extra-intestinal salmonella?
typhoid fever
37
what types of salmonella cause typhoid fever?
salmonella typhi salmonella paratyphi
38
salmonella can enter the bloodstream, is this a contaminant or significant?
significant gram negative bacilli!
39
how are salmonella infections treated? why?
not treated self-limiting
40
who IS treated for salmonella?
< 2 years > 65 years immunocompromised pregnant
41
what type of salmonella should ALWAYS be treated?
extra-intestinal
42
what is an example of extra-intestinal salmonella?
salmonella arthritis
43
who should get the salmonella vaccine?
vets farmers
44
what type of bacteria is shigella?
gram negative bacilli
45
_____________ are the only hosts that carry shigella
humans
46
shigella organisms are identical to _____________
E. coli
47
what are the 3 differences between shigella and E. coli?
1. shigella is not motile 2. shigella invades mucosa 3. small infectious dose
48
how is shigella transmitted?
fecal-oral
49
how does shigella cause disease?
produce shiga-toxins that prevent protein synthesis and cause cell death
50
how is shigella infection treated?
no treatment mostly self-limiting only severe cases are treated with antibiotic
51
when should shigella be treated with antibiotics?
immunocompromised elderly children to prevent spread
52
what type of E. coli causes diarrhea?
toxigenic (toxin producing)
53
NOT ALL E.coli _____________
cause infection
54
what type of bacteria is E. coli?
gram negative bacilli
55
what are some causes of E. coli diarrhea?
consumption of undercooked beef consumption of unpasteurized milk and cheese consumption of raw vegetables farms trave
56
what is STEC?
shiga toxin producing E. coli E. coli O157:H7
57
what is hemolytic uremic syndrome?
hemolytic anemia thrombocytopenia acute renal failure
58
what causes hemolytic uremic syndrome?
STEC
59
why is HUS linked antibiotic therapy?
antibiotics cause lysis of bacteria which release toxins toxigenic E. coli also produces toxins risk of kidney failure
60
E. coli O157 is a major risk with what kind of steak?
steak tartar
61
what kind of bacteria is campylobacter?
gram negative curved bacilli
62
what is the #1 risk with uncooked chicken?
campylobacter
63
where is campylobacter found naturally?
chicken gut
64
what are the causes of campylobacter infection?
improper cooking of chicken and unpasteurized eggs
65
what bacteria cause bloody diarrhea?
salmonella campylobacter nigella C. perfringens** C. diff yersinia
66
how are campylobacter infections treated?
no treatment self limiting antibiotics for serious cases
67
what kind of bacteria is yersinia?
gram negative
68
most cases of Yersinia are in what age group?
< 2 year
69
how is yersinia transmitted?
fecal-oral
70
what is a major source of yersinia?
pork
71
where is yersinia found?
pork tofu unpasteurized animal products
72
how is yersinia treated?
mostly self limiting
73
how are enteric pathogens detected?
cary Blair stool transport 1. PCR 2. growth for ID and sensitivities
74
why is cary Blair media used to detect enteric pathogens?
bacteria are continuously dividing cary Blair = stasis media prevents growth easier to determine normal vs pathogenic
75
what are the 2 forms of Giardia?
1. cyst 2. troph
76
what form of Giardia is responsible for transmission?
cyst
77
what form of Giardia causes disease?
troph
78
how does Giardia affect the intestine?
blunts and flattens villi causing malabsorption
79
how is Giardia detected?
antigen detection PCR ova (eggs) detection
80
how is giardia treated?
self limiting antiparasites for severe cases
81
what are the 2 clinical syndromes caused by entamoeba hystolitica?
1. non-invasive intestinal amebiasis 2. liver abscess
82
entamoeba histolytic has a __________ symptom onset Why?
gradual slow replication
83
what enteric parasites cause bloody diarrhea?
entamoeba histolytica
84
chronic entamoeba histolytica can mimic ______________
IBD
85
how is entamoeba histolytica transmitted?
fecal oral
86
what are the 2 forms of entamoeba histolytica?
1. cyst: transmission 2. troph: causes disease
87
how is entamoeba histolytica detected?
antigen detection PCR ova/parasites

MICR 121 (16 decks)

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