UTIs

Question 1

what is cystitis?

Answer 1

bladder infection

Question 2

what is pyelonephritis?

Answer 2

kidney infection

Question 3

what is urethritis?

Answer 3

urethra inflammation

Question 4

how do UTIs occur?

Answer 4

organisms move from perianal region to urethra

Question 5

does bacteruria require antibiotics?

Answer 5

no

Question 6

why do catheters increase risk of UTIs?

Answer 6

prone to biofilms

lead to continuous seeding

urine gets contaminated with bacteria from catheter

Question 7

what are some UTI symptoms?

Answer 7

urgency

frequency

pyuria (WBCs in urine)

pain

fevers (not with cystitis)

Question 8

what are some risk factors for complicated UTIs?

Answer 8

males
indwelling catheters
urinary trat abnormalities
antibiotic exposure (disrupts normal microbiome)

Question 9

why does age increase risk for UTIs?

Answer 9

decreased bladder tone

altered pH

change in flora

Question 10

why are young children at risk for UTIs?

Answer 10

lack of hygiene
poor wiping

Question 11

most UTIs are ___________________

Answer 11

monomicrobial

Question 12

what organisms cause UTIs?

Answer 12

E. coli
klebsiela pneumoniae
proteus mirabilis
enterococcus faecalis
staphylococcus saprophyticus

Question 13

if staphylococcus saprophyticus is the cause of a UTI in a child, what is suspected?

Answer 13

exposure via sexual contact
(sexual abuse)

Question 14

how are UTIs diagnosed?

Answer 14

bacteria counts
(to differentiate asymptomatic bactiuria vs UTI)

Question 15

what bacteria count would constitute a UTI?

Answer 15

10-100 x 10^6/mL

Question 16

why are UTIs difficult to diagnose?

Answer 16

time urine is in bladder alters bacteria count

antibiotic use

collection method error

storage conditions

Question 17

what do urine dipsticks measure?

Answer 17

pyuria and nitrites

Question 18

uncomplicated UTIs occur in __________

Answer 18

healthy adult, non-pregnant women

Question 19

how should urine be collected from an indwelling catheter?

Answer 19

1. remove catheter
2. clean site
3. in and out catheter
4. replace indwelling catheter

Question 20

what is asymptomatic bacteruria?

Answer 20

colonization of bacteria in bladder

NOT an infection

Question 21

when is asymptomatic bacteruria treated? how?

Answer 21

pregnancy

trimethoprim sulfamethoxazole
ciprofloxacin
ampiciillin

Question 22

how should urine be collected? why?

Answer 22

midstream

first part of stream flushes out bacteria

Question 23

How quickly should urine be sent to the lab? Why?

Answer 23

within 2 hours of collection
if not, should be stored in fridge and transported within 24 hours

to avoid replication of bacteria

Question 24

how are UTIs treated?

Answer 24

high dose antibiotics for 3 days

Question 25

how is a nonuropathic bacteruria treated?

Answer 25

not treated

Question 26

1 organism < 10 colonies < 10 x 10^6 colony count

Answer 26

report no significant growth

Question 27

1 organism > 10 colonies > 10 x 10^6 colony count

Answer 27

report ID ad sensitivity

Question 28

2 organisms > 100 colonies > 100 x 10^6 colony count

Answer 28

report ID and sensitivity (for both)

Question 29

2 organisms one = > 100 colonies, > 100 x 10^6 colony count one = < 100 colonies, < 100 x 10^6 colony count

Answer 29

report ID and sensitivity for one ignore the other

Question 30

2 organisms < 100 colonies < 100 x 10^6 colony count

Answer 30

report no significant growth

Question 31

3 organisms < 100 colonies

Answer 31

report o significant growth no workup

Question 32

3 organisms > 100 colonies

Answer 32

no work up mixed material flora

Question 33

What are some symptoms of vaginosis?

Answer 33

increased vaginal discharge painful intercourse painful urination

Question 34

what causes bacterial vaginosis?

Answer 34

alterations in vaginal flora or microbiota NORMAL: good bacteria (lactobacillus) > bad bacteria (anaerobes)

Question 35

What are some characteristics of bacterial vaginosis?

Answer 35

thin, white-green vaginal discharge foul smelling odour vaginal itching burning during urination

Question 36

how is bacterial vaginosis diagnosed?

Answer 36

absence of gram positive bacilli (lactobacillus) increased gram negative bacilli (clue cells)

Question 37

what are some risk factors for bacterial vaginosis?

Answer 37

multiple sex partners women-women sex douching natural lack of lactobacilli

Question 38

what are some complications associated with bacterial vaginosis?

Answer 38

preterm births low birth weight pelvic inflammatory disease increased risk of STIs

Question 39

what is yeast vagnitis?

Answer 39

overgrowth of yeast in vaginal tract

Question 40

what are some symptoms of yeast vaginitis?

Answer 40

itching irritation thick or watery discharge

Question 41

what are some risk factors for yeast vaginitis?

Answer 41

antibiotics pregnancy uncontrolled diabetes impaired immune system oral contraceptives