CHO: Monogastric Digestion And Absorption

Question 1

Carbohydrates are divided into?

Answer 1

Simple and complex

Question 2

Carbohydrates= ?

Answer 2

Sugars

Question 3

Simple carbohydrates are?

Answer 3

Monosaccharides and disaccharides

Question 4

Complex carbohydrates are?

Answer 4

Polysaccharides

Question 5

Starch, fiber, and glycogen fall into what carbohydrate category?

Answer 5

Polysaccharides

Question 6

Disaccharides include?

Answer 6

Maltose, lactose, and sucrose

Question 7

Glucose, fructose, and galactose are?

Answer 7

Monosaccharides

Question 8

How many carbons in glucose?

Answer 8

6

Question 9

Are carbohydrates the most abundant class of molecules?

Answer 9

yes

Question 10

Why do sugars accumulate?

Answer 10

Photosynthesis

Question 11

Are sugars essential or non-essential molecules?

Answer 11

Non-essential

Question 12

What is the process of forming carbohydrates called, in the body?

Answer 12

Gluconeogenesis

Question 13

Carbohydrates are classified based on what?

Answer 13

Number of sugar molecules

Question 14

Monosaccharides can be…

Answer 14

Pentoses (ribose) and hexoses (glucose, fructose, galactose)

Question 15

2 linked sugar units are called?

Answer 15

Disaccharides

Question 16

What bonds connect disaccharides?

Answer 16

Glycosidic- can be alpha (up) or beta(down) and 1-2, 1-4, or 1-6

Question 17

Glucose + fructose?

Answer 17

Sucrose

Question 18

Lactose is what two sugars?

Answer 18

Glucose and galactose

Question 19

two glucose molecules form what disaccharide?

Answer 19

Maltose

Question 20

Complex carbohydrates are divided into what 3 categories?

Answer 20

Oligosaccharide (3-10 units), polysaccharide (>10 units) and indigestible polysaccharides.

Question 21

what type of complex sugar is starch?

Answer 21

A polysaccharide

Question 22

Starch is The way plants Store sugars. What 3 molecules can starch be?

Answer 22

Amylose, amylopectin, and glycogen

Question 23

What two starches are water soluble?

Answer 23

Amylose and glycogen

Question 24

What is the body’s way of storing carbohydrates?

Answer 24

Glycogen

Question 25

Cellulose, hemicellulose, and lignin are cell wall sugars classified as?

Answer 25

Indigestible polysaccharides

Question 26

Gums and cutin are part of what of type of fiber?

Answer 26

Non-cell wall

Question 27

Fiber is what type of carbonydrate?

Answer 27

Oligosaccharide

Question 28

Oligosaccharides are metabolized by bacteria located where?

Answer 28

In The large intestine

Question 29

Fiber is composed of?

Answer 29

Cellulose, hemicellulose, pectins, gums, mucilage, lignins

Question 30

Digestion of carbohydrates (starch) begins in the mouth with?

Answer 30

Salivary amylase (starch to maltose)

Question 31

What enzyme in the small intestine completes starch digestion?

Answer 31

Pancreatic amylase by hydrolyzing alpha 1-4 linkages to produce monosaccharides and di (maltose),

Question 32

Bush burder enzymes mediate The final sugar digestion into the absorbable molecules. What are these 3 enzymes?

Answer 32

Sucrase, Maltase, and lactase

Question 33

Which brush border enzyme is not found in ruminants?

Answer 33

Sucrase

Question 34

Where in the small intestine is the primary site of absorption of carbohydrates?

Answer 34

Jejunum

Question 35

The duodenum is the primary site of what?

Answer 35

Digestion of monosaccharides

Question 36

Why is carbohydrate absorption sodium- dependent?

Answer 36

Because of the concentration gradient formed when absorbing glucose into the body

Question 37

How does glucose get absorbed through the intestinal wall?

Answer 37

1- the sodium /potassium pump creates a concentration gradient by pumping sodium out of the cell. 2- The sodium dependent glucose transport-1 brings glucose with 2 molecules of sodium from inside the cell to blood and brings water along with it (260 per glucose molecule )

Question 38

In the concentration gradient, where are sodium levels higher?

Answer 38

Out of the cell

Question 39

Carbohydrate malabsorption means?

Answer 39

The simple carbohydrates are not absorbed in the small intestine

Question 40

What are some causes of carbohydrate malabsorption?

Answer 40

Enzyme or transporter deficiency

Question 41

The osmotic effect caused by VFA production in the large in intestine causes what to occur?

Answer 41

Increases water absorption and peristalsis, and this decreases nutrient retention

Question 42

Why does VFA production increase H2O absorption?

Answer 42

Because they are osmolytes

Question 43

Why does lactose intolerance occur?

Answer 43

Because there is not enough lactase

Question 44

With lactose intolerance, the typical site of water absorption is where?

Answer 44

In the large intestine, specifically in the colon

Question 45

The principal carbohydrate in milk is?

Answer 45

Lactose

Question 46

Sensitivity to lactose can be what 2 things?

Answer 46

Maldigestion or intolerance