Brainscape's Knowledge GenomeTM

Browse over 1 million classes created by top students, professors, publishers, and experts.


See full index

Year Two - Gastroenterology System > Cholangiocarcinoma > Flashcards

Cholangiocarcinoma Flashcards

1
Q

What is cholangiocarcinoma?

A

It is defined as a primary liver cancer that originates in the bile ducts - usually the extra hepatic biliary tree

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
2
Q

What is the function of the bile ducts?

A

To carry bile from the liver into the gallbladder and then small intestine

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
3
Q

How common is cholangiocarcinoma?

A

It is the second most common type of primary liver malignancy

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
4
Q

What are the seven risk factors of cholangiocarcinoma?

A

Primary Sclerosing Cholangitis

Typhoid Fever

Liver Flukes

Choledochal Cysts

Chronic Liver Disease

Diabetes Mellitus

Smoking

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
5
Q

What is the main risk factor associated with cholangiocarcinoma?

A

Primary Sclerosing Cholangitis

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
6
Q

What are the seven clinical features of cholangiocarcinoma?

A

Courvoisier Sign

Painless Jaundice

Pale Stools

Nausea & Vomiting

Pruritis

Weight Loss

Lymphadenopathy

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
7
Q

What is the main clinical feature of cholangiocarcinoma?

A

Courvoisier sign

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
8
Q

What is Courvoisier’s sign?

A

It is defined as a palpable mass in the right upper quadrant

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
9
Q

What is a late clincial feature of cholangiocarcinoma, in which the majority of disease is not resectable?

A

Painless Jaundice

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
10
Q

What two lymphadenopathies are associated with cholangiocarcinoma?

A

Virchow’s node

Sister Mary Joseph node

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
11
Q

What is Virchow’s node?

A

It is the lymph node present in the left supraclavicular region

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
12
Q

What is Sister Mary Joseph’s node?

A

It is the lymph node present in the periumbillical region

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
13
Q

Which five investigations are used to diagnose cholangiocarcinoma?

A

Blood Tests

Urinalysis

Ultrasound Scan

CT/MRI Scans

Endoscopic Retrograde Cholangiopancreatography (ERCP)

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
14
Q

What eight blood test results indicate cholangiocarcinoma?

A

Increased CA19-9 Levels

Increased CEA Levels

Increased CA 125 Levels

Increased ALT Levels

Increased AST Levels

Increased ALP Levels

Increased Gamma GT Levels

Increased Bilirubin Levels

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
15
Q

What three tumour markers are associated with cholangiocarcinoma?

A

CA19-9

CEA

CA 125

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
16
Q

What is the main tumour marker is associated with cholangiocarcinoma?

A

CA19-9

17
Q

What is the feature of cholangiocarcinoma on urinalysis?

A

High levels of conjugated bilirubin

18
Q

What is the feature of cholangiocarcinoma on ultrasound scans?

A

Hypoechoic lesion

19
Q

How are CT/MRI scans used to diagnose cholangiocarcinoma?

A

They are used to confirm the findings established on ultrasound and to determine the staging

20
Q

What is ERCP?

A

It involves the insertion of an endoscope through the oesophagus, stomach and into the duodenum

In the duodenum, the endoscope is then guided through the sphincter of Oddi into the bile duct – where contrast is injected, and x-rays are then taken

21
Q

What is the gold standard investigation used to diagnose cholangiocarcinoma?

A

ERCP

22
Q

How is ERCP used to diagnose cholangiocarcinoma?

A

Brushings for cytology

OR

Biopsies for histopathological diagnosis

23
Q

What are the two surgical management options used in cholangiocarcinoma?

A

Liver Resection

Endoscopic Retrograde Cholangiopancreatography (ERCP)

24
Q

What is liver resection?

A

It involves surgical removal of the section of liver affected by malignancy

25
Q

When is liver resection used to manage cholangiocarcinoma?

A

It can be used as a curative measure in early disease confined to liver

26
Q

In which two circumstances is liver resection contraindicated?

A

Local invasion of peri-hilar nodes

Lobar atrophy

27
Q

How is ERCP used to manage cholangiocarcinoma?

A

It can be used to insert a sent into the bile duct to relieve compression caused by cholangiocarcinoma

This enables drainage of bile and therefore symptomatic relief

28
Q

In cholangiocarcinoma, can chemotherapy and radiation be used as a management option?

A

No - it is generally considered resistant to chemotherapy and radiotherapy

In certain circumstances, it can be used in a palliative setting

Year Two - Gastroenterology System (33 decks)

Brainscape helps you reach your goals faster, through stronger study habits.
© 2024 Bold Learning Solutions. Terms and Conditions