Brainscape's Knowledge GenomeTM

Browse over 1 million classes created by top students, professors, publishers, and experts.


See full index

Year Two - Gastroenterology System > Oesophageal Cancer > Flashcards

Oesophageal Cancer Flashcards

1
Q

What is oesophageal cancer?

A

It is defined as the proliferation of malignant cells in the oesophagus

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
2
Q

How common is oesophageal cancer?

A

It is the third most common malignancy of the gastrointestinal tract

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
3
Q

What are the two classifications of oesophageal cancer?

A

Adenocarcinoma

Squamous Cell Carcinoma

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
4
Q

What is the most common classification of oesophageal cancer in the UK?

A

Adenocarcinoma

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
5
Q

What is oesophageal adenocarcinoma?

A

It is malignancy that affects the mucus glandular cells of the oesophagus

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
6
Q

Which region of the oesophagus tends to be affected by adenocarcinoma?

A

The lower third of the oesophagus, near the gastroesophageal junction

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
7
Q

What are the five risk factors associated with oesophageal adenocarcinoma?

A

Gastro-Oesophageal Reflux Disease

Barrett’s Oesophagus

Achalasia

Smoking

Obesity

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
8
Q

What is the most common classification of oesophageal cancer in the developing world?

A

Squamous cell carcinoma

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
9
Q

What is oesophageal squamous cell carcinoma?

A

It is malignancy that affects the squamous cells of the oesophagus

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
10
Q

Which region of the oesophagus tends to be affected by squamous cell carcinoma?

A

The upper two thirds of the oesophagus

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
11
Q

What are the five risk factors associated with oesophageal squamous cell carcinoma?

A

Plummer-Vinson Syndrome

Achalasia

Smoking

Alcoholism

Nitrosamine Diets

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
12
Q

What is Plummer-Vinson syndrome (PVS)?

A

It is a condition defined by a triad of microcytic hyporchromic anaemia, atrophic glossitis and oesophageal strictures

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
13
Q

What six clinical features are associated with oesophageal cancer?

A

Dysphagia

Odynophagia

Heartburn Features

Chronic Cough

Hoarseness

Weight Loss

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
14
Q

What is the most common presenting clinical feature of oesophageal cancer?

A

Dysphagia

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
15
Q

What is odynophagia?

A

It is defined as a painful sensation in the oesophagus that occurs in relation to swallowing

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
16
Q

What three investigations are used to diagnose oesophageal cancer?

A

Endoscopy + Biopsy

CT Scan

Endoscopic Ultrasound

17
Q

What is the gold standard investigation used to diagnose oesophageal cancer?

A

Endoscopy + biopsy

18
Q

How is endoscopy, with biopsy, used to investigate oesophageal cancer?

A

The histological examination enables classification of oesophageal cancer; however, the location of the mass on endoscopy is also indicative

19
Q

How are CT scans used to investigate oesophageal cancer?

A

They are used to initially stage oesophageal cancer

20
Q

What is the second line investigation is used to stage oesophageal cancer, in cases where metastases are not visualised on initial CT scans?

A

FDG-PET CT scan

21
Q

How is endoscopic ultrasound used to investigate oesophageal cancer?

A

It is is used to determine the locoregional stage of oesophageal cancer

22
Q

What are the two surgical management options used in oesophageal cancer?

A

Ivor-Lewis Oesophagectomy

Trans-Hiatal Oesophagectomy

23
Q

When is Ivor-Lewis oesophagectomy recommended to manage oesophageal cancer?

A

It is the first line surgical management option of oesophageal cancer involving the lower and middle third of the oesophagus

24
Q

What is Ivor-Lewis oesophagectomy?

A

It involves removal of the tumour through an abdominal incision and right thoracotomy

25
Q

When is trans-hiatal oesophagectomy recommended to manage oesophageal cancer?

A

It is the first line surgical management option of oesophageal cancer involving the upper third of the oesophagus

26
Q

What is trans-hiatal oesophagectomy?

A

It involves removal of the tumour through an abdominal incision and a left gastric neck incision

27
Q

How is gastrointestinal function restored following oesophagectomy?

A

There is anastomosis between the stomach and remaining oesophagus

28
Q

What feeding option should be selected following oesophagectomy?

A

Feeding Jejunostomy

29
Q

What is the most common complication associated with oesophagectomy?

A

Anastomosis leak

30
Q

How is chemotherapy used to manage oesophageal cancer?

A

It can be administered neoadjuvantly or adjuvantly, in combination with surgical management techniques to improve the likelihood of success

Year Two - Gastroenterology System (33 decks)

Brainscape helps you reach your goals faster, through stronger study habits.
© 2024 Bold Learning Solutions. Terms and Conditions