Gastritis

Question 1

What is gastritis?

Answer 1

It is defined as a group of conditions in which there is inflammation of the stomach mucosa

Question 2

What are the three classifications of gastritis?

Answer 2

Gastritis A

Gastritis B

Gastritis C

Question 3

What is another term for gastritis A?

Answer 3

Autoimmune gastritis

Question 4

What is gastritis A?

Answer 4

It is defined as gastritis related to the immune system attacking gastric parietal cells

Question 5

What are the two complications associated with gastritis A?

Answer 5

Adenoma formation

Pernicious anaemia

Question 6

How is adenoma formation a complication of gastritis A?

Answer 6

Gastritis A results in a reduction in parietal cells and therefore decreased secretion of gastric acid (hypochlorhydria)

This causes elevated gastrin levels, which stimulate enterochromaffin cells

Question 7

How is pernicious anaemia a complication of gastritis A?

Answer 7

Gastritis A results in a reduction in parietal cells and therefore decreased secretion of intrinsic factor

Question 8

What is the most common gastritis classification?

Answer 8

Gastritis B

Question 9

What is another term for gastritis B?

Answer 9

Bacterial gastritis

Question 10

What is gastritis B?

Answer 10

It is defined as gastritis related to bacterial infection

Question 11

What bacterial infection is most commonly associated with gastritis B?

Answer 11

Helicobacter Pylori

Question 12

What two complications are associated with gastritis B?

Answer 12

Intestinal metaplasia

Peptic ulceration

Question 13

What is another term for gastritis C?

Answer 13

Chemical gastritis

Question 14

What is gastritis C?

Answer 14

It is defined as gastritis related to alcohol misuse, drug administration or bile reflux

Question 15

What two drugs are associated with gastritis C?

Answer 15

NSAIDs

Aspirin

Question 16

What is the most common cause of bile reflux?

Answer 16

Post surgical complication

Question 17

What are the four clinical features of gastritis?

Answer 17

Epigastric Pain

Abdominal Distension

Heartburn Features

Nausea & Vomiting

Question 18

What two investigations are used to diagnose gastritis?

Answer 18

Helicobacter Pylori Testing

Endoscopy + Biopsy

Question 19

What two investigations are used to identify H.Pylori infection?

Answer 19

Urea Breath Test

Stool Antigen Test

Question 20

What is a urea breath test?

Answer 20

It involves consumption of a urea containing liquid, which is a chemical broken down by H.Pylori into ammonia and carbon dioxide

After fifteen minutes, the volume of carbon dioxide exhaled is measured

Question 21

What is a positive urea breath test?

Answer 21

Increased volumes of exhaled carbon dioxide

Question 22

What is a stool antigen test?

Answer 22

It involves testing a stool sample for the presence of H.Pylori infection

Question 23

What is the gold standard investigation of gastritis?

Answer 23

Endoscopy + biopsy

Question 24

What are the two features of gastritis on endoscopy?

Answer 24

Inflammatory Cell Infiltration

Mucosal Redness & Bleeding

Question 25

What are the three conservative management options of gastritis?

Answer 25

NSAID Cessation Alcohol Cessation Stress Reduction

Question 26

What are the four pharmacological management options of gastritis?

Answer 26

Antacid Drugs Proton Pump Inhibitors (PPIs) H2 Receptor Antagonist Antibiotics

Question 27

Name two antacid drugs used to manage gastritis

Answer 27

Gaviscon Rennie

Question 28

When are antacid drugs used to manage gastritis?

Answer 28

They are over the counter medications that patients can be advised to purchase

Question 29

How do antacid drugs treat gastritis?

Answer 29

They can be administered to provide temporary symptomatic relief, however, don’t provide resolution of the underlying damage

Question 30

Name two proton pump inhibitors (PPIs) used to manage gastritis

Answer 30

Omeprazole Lansoprazole

Question 31

When are proton pump inhibitors used to manage gastritis?

Answer 31

They are the first line management option

Question 32

How do proton pump inhibitors (PPIs) manage gastritis?

Answer 32

They inhibit gastric acid secretion by binding to the hydrogen potassium ATPase pump that resides on the luminal surface of the parietal cell membrane This provides time for the damaged tissue to heal

Question 33

Name a H2 receptor antagonist used to manage gastritis

Answer 33

Ranitidine

Question 34

When are H2 receptor antagonists used to manage gastritis?

Answer 34

They are the second line management option

Question 35

How do H2 receptor antagonists treat gastritis?

Answer 35

They inhibit gastric acid secretion and by binding to histamine type 2 receptors on the basolateral surface of gastric parietal cells This provides time for the damaged tissue to heal

Question 36

Name three antibiotics are used to manage gastritis

Answer 36

Amoxicillin Clarithromycin Metronidazole

Question 37

When are antibiotics used to manage gastritis?

Answer 37

When gastritis is related to H.Pylori infection

Question 38

What are the three complications of gastritis?

Answer 38

Gastric Peptic Ulceration Gastric Bleeding Pernicious Anaemia