Chp. 11 B Flashcards
case studies (33 cards)
How can Clostridium perfringens enter the body?
What does it cause and what does it require to invade?
- Through ingesting contaminated food (not a big deal) or Surgical insertions/ stab wounds (fatal)
- Causes GAS GANGRENE
- Requires dead tissue and anaerobic conditions
What is the T&P and prognosis of C. perfringens?
T&P: immediate cleansing of dirty and deep wounds, compound infractures, and infected incisions
Prognosis:
early- treat with cephalosporin or penicillin
late- 100% death
Which bacteria has the following characteristics:
- acid fast
- slow growing
- 3-5 weeks doubling time
- Incubation period of 5-7 years
Mycobacterium
What are the different ways to test Mycobacterium tuberculosis?
- Mantoux test: turns red if exposed to tuberculosis either through vaccine or actual tuberculosis
- Antibody test
- X-ray: soft tissues usually black under ray, if white then tubercles
What is primary, secondary, and disseminated tuberculosis?
- Primary is easier to treat and takes around 6 months to 2 years
- Secondary is reactivation or reinfection
- Disseminated is extrapulmonary and hard to deal with since it spread outside the lungs
What is the T&P and prognosis of tuberculosis?
T&P:
- Antibiotic cocktail (combo of 2 or more different antibiotics) given for 6 months-2 years
- Vaccine based on attenuated bacilli Calmet-Guerin strain of M. bovis
Prognosis:
- early: nonfatal if patient stays on antibiotics
- late: 100% death
What is Mycobacterium leprae and what does it cause?
How is it transmitted?
- The slowest growing bacteria
- Causes leprosy
- Transmitted through skin to skin bacteria
What are the two forms of leprosy?
- Tuberculoid
- Lepromatous: nodular infections that cause severe disfigurement of face and extremities
What is the T&P for leprosy?
T&P:
- Long term combined therapy and antibiotic cocktail
- Constant surveillance of high-risk populations
WHO sponsoring a trial vaccine
Which bacteria has the following characteristics:
- lives in soil and water
- Gram negative
- Hard to deal since it is multi-drug resistant
- produces oxidase and catalase
Pseudomonas
What does Pseudomonas aeruginosa look like and cause and why is it so hard to get rid of?
-greenish-blue colour
- Causes nosocomial infections
- Hard to get rid of because it is resistant to soaps, dyes, quatenary ammonium, disinfectants, drugs, drying
- Less of a threat because it is an opportunistic pathogen
What is the T&P and who is the reservoir for P. aeruginosa?
T&P:
- antibiotic cocktail
- Any individual with preexisting conditions
What does Bordetella pertussis cause and who are the reservoirs?
How is it transmitted?
- Whooping cough
- Apparently healthy carriers
- Transmitted by direct contact or inhalation of aerosols
What is the T&P of B. pertussis (whooping cough)?
- DTap or TDap
- Antitoxin
- Erythromycin or any other wide range antibiotic
What does Nonenteric Yersinia pestis and plague cause?
Bubonic and pneumonic plague
What is the pathology of the following:
- Bubonic
- Septicemic
- Pneumonic
Bubonic: bitten by a flea directly
Septicemic: progression to massive bacterial growth
Pneumonic: person to person, advanced from bubonic due to lack of care
What is the T&P and prognosis of the plague?
T&P:
- Streptomycin and tetracycline
- Chloramphenicol AS LAST RESORT
- Prevention by quarantine, wearing covering and colorful clothes when hiking
- Accentuated vaccine
Prognosis:
early: broad spectrum antibiotics
late: 100% death
How do you properly say the genus, species, and subspecies of Spirochetaceae?
Genus: Treponema
Species: T. Pallidum
Subspecies: Pallidum
What does Treponema pallidum cause and how is it transmitted?
Causes syphilis and is sexually transmitted and transplacental (can pass through placenta to the fetus)
Humans the natural host and cannot survive long outside the host
What are the stages of syphilis?
- Incubation: 3 weeks asymptomatic
- Primary: chancre sores in genitals and/or mouth
- Secondary: rashes form and disappear
- Tertiary: Damage to multiple tissues and organs, affects brain, irregularly shaped pupils
Who is at risk and what is the T&P for Syphilis?
Anyone sexually active is at risk
T&P:
- Penicillin G
- condoms and STD testing
Which two bacteria come from Genus Borrelia and what diseases do they cause?
Borrelia hermsii (relapsing fever) and Borrelia burgdorferi (lyme disease)
What is the reservoir and mode of transmission for B. hermsii and B. burgdorferi?
Both have wild mammals as their reservoir and are transmitted by ticks
What is the unique symptoms for relapsing fever and lyme disease?
How do you treat them?
Relapsing fever: relapsing fever lol
Lyme disease: bullseye rash
Treat both with tetracycline
