Chp 11 terms Flashcards
(19 cards)
House of Refuge:
A care facility developed by the child savers to protect potential criminal youths by taking them off the street and providing a family-like environment.
Children’s Aid Society
Child saving organization that took children from the streets of large cities and placed them with farm families on the prairie.
Orphan Trains
A practice of the Children’s Aid Society in which urban youths were sent west for adoption with local farm couples.
Society for the Prevention of Cruelty to Children
First established in 1874, these organizations protected children subjected to cruelty and neglect at home or at school.
Law Enforcement Assistance Administration (LEAA):
Unit in the United States Department of Justice established by the Omnibus Crime Control and Safe Streets Act of 1968 to administer grants and provide guidance for crime prevention policy and programs.
Office of Juvenile Justice and Delinquency Prevention (OJJDP)
Branch of the United States Department of Justice charged with shaping national juvenile justice policy through the disbursement of federal aid and research funds.
Risk factor
A negative prior factor in an individual’s life that increases the risk of occurrence of a future delinquent act.
Protective factor
A positive prior factor in an individual’s life that decreases the risk of occurrence of a future delinquent act.
Juvenile justice process: Under the parens patriae philosophy
juvenile justice procedures are informal and non-adversarial; invoked for juvenile offenders rather than against them; a petition instead of a complaint is filed; courts make findings of involvement or adjudication of delinquency instead of convictions; and juvenile offenders receive dispositions instead of sentences.
Detention hearing
A hearing by a judicial officer of a juvenile court to determine whether a juvenile is to be detained, or released, while proceedings are pending in the case.
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Adjudicatory hearing
The fact-finding process wherein the juvenile court determines whether there is sufficient evidence to sustain the allegations in a petition.
Adjudication
The trial stage of the juvenile court process.
Bifurcated process
The procedure of separating adjudicatory and dispositionary hearings so different levels of evidence can be heard at each.
Disposition
For juvenile offenders, the equivalent of sentencing for adult offenders; juvenile dispositions should be more rehabilitative than retributive.
Petition
Document filed in juvenile court alleging that a juvenile is a delinquent, a status offender, or a dependent and asking that the court assume jurisdiction over the juvenile.
Drug courts
Courts whose focus is providing treatment for youths accused of drug-related acts.
Systematic review
A type of review that uses rigorous methods for locating, appraising, and synthesizing evidence from prior evaluation studies.
Meta-analysis
A statistical technique that synthesizes results from prior evaluation studies.
Teen courts
Courts that make use of peer juries to decide non-serious delinquency cases
