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Flashcards in Chp 2 Terms Deck (18)
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1
Q

Federal Bureau of Investigation (FBI)

A

Arm of the U.S. Department of Justice that investigates violations of federal law, gathers crime statistics, runs a comprehensive crime laboratory, and helps train local law enforcement officers.

2
Q

Uniform Crime Report (UCR)

A

Compiled by the FBI, the UCR is the most widely used source of national crime and delinquency statistics.

3
Q

Part I offenses (also known as index crimes

A

Offenses including homicide and nonnegligent manslaughter, forcible rape, robbery, aggravated assault, burglary, larceny, arson, and motor vehicle theft; recorded by local law enforcement officers. These crimes are tallied quarterly and sent to the FBI for inclusion in the UCR.

4
Q

Part II offenses

A

All crimes other than Part I offenses; recorded by local law enforcement officers, arrests for these crimes are tallied quarterly and sent to the FBI for inclusion in the UCR.

5
Q

Disaggregated

A

Analyzing the relationship between two or more independent variables (such as murder convictions and death sentence), while controlling for the influence of a dependent variable (such as race).

6
Q

Sampling

A

Selecting a limited number of people for study as a representative of a larger group.

7
Q

Population

A

All people who share a particular characteristic, such as all high school students or all police officers.

8
Q

Self-report survey

A

A research approach that requires subjects to reveal their own participation in delinquent or criminal acts.

9
Q

Meta-analysis

A

A statistical technique that synthesizes results from prior evaluation studies. It gathers data from a number of previous studies.

10
Q

Systematic review

A

A type of review that uses rigorous methods for locating, appraising, and synthesizing evidence from prior evaluation studies. It involves collecting the findings from previously conducted scientific studies that address a particular problem, appraising and synthesizing the evidence, and using collective evidence to address a particular scientific question.

11
Q

Dark figures of crime

A

Incidents of crime and delinquency that go undetected by police.

12
Q

Racial threat theory

A

As the size of the African American population increases, the amount of social control imposed against African Americans by the police grows proportionately.

13
Q

Aging-out process (also known as desistance or spontaneous remission)

A

The tendency for youths to reduce the frequency of their offending behavior as they age; aging out is thought to occur among all groups of offenders.

14
Q

Age of onset

A

Age at which youths begin their delinquent careers; early onset is believed to be linked with chronic offending patterns.

15
Q

Chronic juvenile offenders

A

Youths who have been arrested four or more times during their minority and perpetuate a striking majority of serious criminal acts; this small group, known as the “chronic 6 percent,” is believed to engage in a significant portion of all delinquent behavior. These youths do not age out of crime but continue their criminal behavior into adulthood.

16
Q

Chronic recidivist

A

Someone who has been arrested five times or more before age 18.

17
Q

Continuity of crime

A

The idea that chronic juvenile offenders are likely to continue violating the law as adults.

18
Q

Victimization

A

The number of people who are victims of criminal acts; young teens are fifteen times more likely than older adults (age sixty-five and over) to be victims of crimes.