chp. 13 vocab

Question 1

allele

Answer 1

different versions of genes

Question 2

asexual reproduction

Answer 2

a single individual is the sole parent and passes copies of all its genes to its offspring

Question 3

autosome

Answer 3

all the other homologous chromosomes besides the sex chromosomes

Question 4

chiasma

Answer 4

points where crossing over has occurred and the homologs are still associated due to cohesion between sister chromatids

Question 5

clone

Answer 5

a group of genetically identical individuals

Question 6

crossing over

Answer 6

the exchange of corresponding segments of DNA by non-sister chromatids

Question 7

diploid cell

Answer 7

any cell with 2 chromosome sets (2n for somatic cells, n for gametes)

Question 8

gene

Answer 8

the coded info (DNA) given to us by our parents in hereditary units

Question 9

genetics

Answer 9

scientific study of heredity and hereditary variation

Question 10

haploid cell

Answer 10

gametes that have a single chromosome set (n)

Question 11

heredity

Answer 11

transmission of traits one gen to the next

Question 12

homologous chromosomes

Answer 12

2 chromosomes in a pair with the same length, centromere position, and gene controlling a certain trait

Question 13

karyotype

Answer 13

an image of chromosomes arranged in pairs starting with the longest chromosomes

Question 14

locus

Answer 14

a gene’s specific location along the length of a chromosome

Question 15

meiosis

Answer 15

a modified type of cell division that reduces the number of sets of chromosomes from 2 to 1 in gametes (counterbalances the doubling in fertilization)

Question 16

meiosis I

Answer 16

a division resulting in the separation of homologous chromosomes into haploid cells with replicated chromosomes (separates homologous chromosomes)

Question 17

meiosis II

Answer 17

a 2nd division with the homologous chromosomes divided into 4 daughter cells each with a sister chromatid and unreplicated chromosomes (separates sister chromatids)

Question 18

recombinant chromosome

Answer 18

the product of crossing over where individual chromosomes that carry genes (DNA) come from 2 different parents

Question 19

sex chromosome

Answer 19

the x and y (last homologous chromosomes) determining an individuals sex

Question 20

sexual reproduction

Answer 20

2 parents make an offspring that has unique combos of genes inherited from both parents

Question 21

somatic cell

Answer 21

body cells; any cells other than those involved in gamete formation (46 chromosomes)

Question 22

synapsis

Answer 22

the pairing of 2 chromosomes

Question 23

variation

Answer 23

difference in traits or characteristics observed between 2 individuals of the same species

Question 24

zygote

Answer 24

a fertilized egg after a haploid sperm and egg fuse their nuclei together