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Oral E > Chp 2 > Flashcards

Chp 2 Flashcards

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1
Q

Types of tissue

A

Epithelial tissue
Neural tissue
Connective tissue
Muscle tissue

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2
Q

Epithelium is made up of what type of cells

A

Simple epithelium
Pseudostratified
Stratified epithelium

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3
Q

Types of squamous epithelial

A

endothelial-spindal

mesothelial-oval to polygonal

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4
Q

Cuboidal shape

A

Cube

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5
Q

Columnar shape

A

Rodlike

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6
Q

What epithelial is Rodlike, with thin section

A

Pseudostratified

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7
Q

Types of Stratified epithelium

A

Squamous:Polyhedral

Columnar: Columnar on cuboidal or columnar on columnar

Transitional: Cube to pear

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8
Q

How do cells renew?

A

Mitosis

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9
Q

Buccal mucosa (cheek tissue) renews in how many days?

A

10-14 days

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10
Q

The gingiva renews in how many days?

A

4-6 days

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11
Q

What type of epithelial tissue is found in our heart?

A

simple squamous

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12
Q

What does neural tissue arise from

A

Arises from neuroepithelial cells

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13
Q

What are neurons and what do they do?

A

Nerve cells that receive and conduct impulses and regulate muscle and gland activity

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14
Q

What are neurologial cells and what do they do?

A

Supporting cells of the nervous system. More cells.

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15
Q

3 Parts of neuron:

A

Cell body or perikaryon, axon, dendrites

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16
Q

name 5 types of CT?

A

cartilage, bone, blood, lymphocytes, and muscle

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17
Q

What are the two differing types of CT?

A

Loose and dense CT

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18
Q

Three types of Cartilage?

most common; found where?

A

Hyaline-ends of ribs, articulation of bones

Elastic- ears, epiglottis

Fibrous-contains bundles of collagen fibers located in the vertebral disks

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19
Q

Two different types of Bone

A

Compact (dense) Cancellous (spongy)

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20
Q

What type of tissue is blood

A

Connective

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21
Q

Functions of blood

A
  • Conducts oxygen to the cells
  • Returns carbon dioxide from the cells to the lungs
  • Clots to prevent blood loss
  • Regulates pH through a buffer system
  • Regulates body temperature
  • Provides protection from bacteria through its phagocytic and antigenic properties
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22
Q

Types of leukocytes

A 
Granular
• Neutrophils 
• Eosinophils
• Basophils
Nongranular
• Lymphocytes 
• Monocytes
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23
Q

How do neutrophils work

A

Neutrophils can squeeze through capillary walls and into infected tissue, where they kill foreign invaders.

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24
Q

How do Monocytes work

A

leave the blood and become macrophages.

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25
How do Eosinophils work
accumulate wherever allergic reactions take place. Their natural role is in the defense of parasites and other microorganisms.
26
how do basophils work
digest microorganisms and are responsible for allergy symptoms.
27
Lymphocytes become functional in
bone marrow
28
What blood are responsible for the humorally activated immune system
Lymphocytes
29
Lymphocytes circulate in
the lymphatic vessels and in the bloodstream
30
T cells do what?
attack cells
31
B-Cells and Plasma do what?
memory cells
32
The basis of motion in a muscle cell is the
change from chemical to mechanical energy by enzymatic cleavage of ATP.
33
Two proteins responsible for contractions and relaxation are:
Actin | Myosin
34
3 Three types of muscles:
Skeletal-or voluntary Smooth- or involuntary Cardiac
35
Integumentary (Skin) System functions
Excretion of waste products such as carbon dioxide, water, salts, and urea Eliminating heat Protection against invasion of foreign materials Acts on nerves receiving stimuli (e.g.,monitoring temperature, pressure)
36
_____ rests on a basement membrane that separates it from the dermis.
epidermis
37
_______ form membranes composed of closely associated cells, with an intercellular substance between them.
The epithelial cells
38
Nerve processes that carry information and convey it from the peripheral nervous system in muscles and glands to the CNS
Afferent (sensory) system
39
Other neurons that convey responses from the CNS to muscles and glands
Efferent (motor) system:
40
The neural system is composed of the ____ and the ____ system.
efferent and afferent
41
Respiratory System Function?
exchange gases; includes both inflow (inspiration) of oxygen and outflow (expiration) of carbon dioxide
42
Signs of inflammation in the respiratory system are seen in
the cells surrounding the bronchiole.
43
Vascular System | Its function is to
Carry oxygen to the cells and to return carbon dioxide from these cells to the lungs. carries waste products to the kidneys, the gastrointestinal tract, and other organs of excretion, such as the skin. blood clotting, and some white blood cells function in phagocytosis. Blood also conducts hormones to their sites of action.
44
Arteries function in
conduction and distribution capillaries in oxygen exchange and nutrition of the extracellular spaces, and veins in the return of blood to the heart.
45
Lymphatic System | Function
Ability to recognize and react specifically to foreign macromolecules
46
The lymphoid organs are part of the ____ system.
immune
47
Immune system is made up of what organs
This system consists of lymph nodes (solid masses of lymphocytes and lymph channels), thymus, and spleen.
48
The thymus functions until
puberty and then begins to atrophy.
49
What does the thymus do
T cell production and in instructing these cells to become immunocompetent.
50
The spleen located in
the upper left part of the abdomen,
51
largest lymphoid organ.
spleen
52
what does the spleen do and produce
It serves as a filter for the blood and is active in the destruction of old erythrocytes and in antibody production. It produces both B and T cells.
53
Endocrine System | Function:
To secrete hormones into the vascular circulation, which then circulates and acts only on target cells through the second messenger, cyclic adenosine monophosphate (cAMP).
54
Endocrine System is made up of what organs
* Thyroid * Parathyroid * Pituitary glands * Ovaries * Testes * Pancreas * Adrenal medulla
55
Endocrine System Functions of hormones:
Regulate metabolism and energy balance Regulation of involuntary smooth and cardiac muscle fibers Vary body activities Regulate centers of the immune system Play a role in growth and development Contribute to the reproduction process Regulate volume and composition of the extracellular environment
56
Male reproductive system
Testes:Secrete testosterone Prostate Seminal vesicles
57
Female | reproductive system
Produces estrogen and progesterone Ovaries Uterus Vagina
58
Special Senses
``` Vision Hearing Equilibrium Smell Taste ```
59
Circumvallate, fungiform and foliate papillae are
special senses taste
60
Olfactory epithelium | pseudostratified ciliated columnar epithelium are a part of
Smell | special senses
61
Controlled by vestibular organs in internal ear
equilibrium
62
4 types of loose connective tissue with special properties
elastic tissue Reticular Adipose Pigmentation
63
2 types of connective tissue proper
loose and dense
64
what are simple epithelial cells
single layer of cells | located in the organs
65
location of stratified squamous epithelium
outermost layer of the epidermis
66
location of columnar epithelium
lines most organs of the digestive tract including the stomach, small intestine, and large intestine.
67
describe the autonomic nervous system
the sympathetic nervous system, which accelerates the heart rate, constricts blood vessels, and raises blood pressure, and the parasympathetic nervous system, which slows the heart rate, increases intestinal and gland activity, and relaxes sphincter muscles.
68
how do the sympathetic and parasympathetic nervous system work together
The sympathetic nervous system prepares the body for intense physical activity and is often referred to as the fight-or-flight response. The parasympathetic nervous system has almost the exact opposite effect and relaxes the body and inhibits or slows many high energy functions.
69
All organ systems of the body
``` integumentary, muscular, skeletal, neural, vascular, lymphatic, (immune, lymph, thymus, spleen) respiratory, (exchanges gases) endocrine, (hormones, thyroids, glands) urinary, reproductive, digestive special senses ```

Oral E (8 decks)

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