Chp 2 Diseases Flashcards
(23 cards)
What is a congenital disease?
Caused by an abnormality in the fetus as it develops or caused by an abnormal process that occurs during gestation or birth.
Examples: Cleft lip and palate, cerebral palsy
What is a degenerative disease?
Caused by the progressive destruction of cells due to disease or the aging process.
Examples: Multiple sclerosis, loss of hearing, arthritis
What is an environmental disease?
Caused by exposure to substances in the environment.
Examples: Breathing problems from smoking, allergies to pollen, skin cancer from the sun
What is a genetic disease?
Caused by a mutation in a person’s genes and chromosomes during fetal development.
Example: Down syndrome
What is a hereditary disease?
Caused by an inherited recessive defective gene passed on to a child from a parent who carries the defective gene but does not have the disease.
Examples: Cystic fibrosis, hemophilia, sickle cell disease
What does congenit/o- mean?
present at birth
What are the word parts of ‘degenerative’?
Word parts: de- reversal of; without, gener/o- creation; production, -ative pertaining to
What are the word parts of genetic’?
Word parts: gene/o- gene, -tic pertaining to
What are the word parts to ‘hereditary’?
Word parts: heredit/o- genetic inheritance, -ary pertaining to
What is a hospital-acquired infection?
Caused by exposure to a disease-causing microorganism while in the hospital environment. Previously known as a nosocomial infection.
Example: Wound infection after surgery
What is an iatrogenic condition?
Caused by medicine or treatment given to a patient.
Examples: Wrong drug given, wrong-site surgery, an incompatible blood type given as a blood transfusion, side effect of a drug
What does idiopathic mean?
Having no identifiable or confirmed cause.
Example: Idiopathic thrombocytopenia (a blood disease)
What is an infectious disease?
Caused by a pathogen (a disease-causing microorganism, such as a bacterium, virus, fungus, etc.). A communicable disease is an infectious disease that is transmitted by direct or indirect contact with an infected person, animal, or insect.
Examples: Gonorrhea (a sexually transmitted disease), rabies (from an animal bite), COVID-19 (a respiratory illness from being near an infected person)
What is a neoplastic condition?
Caused by the new growth of either a benign (not cancerous) or malignant (cancerous) mass or tumor.
Examples: Benign cyst, cancerous tumor of the skin
What is a nutritional disease?
Caused by a lack of nutritious food, insufficient amounts of food, or an inability to utilize the nutrients in food.
Examples: Malnutrition, iron-deficiency anemia
What is the meaning and word parts of ‘nosocomial’?
Pronunciation: NOH-soh-KOH-mee-al. Meaning: Pertaining to the hospital.
Word parts: nosocomi/o- hospital, -al pertaining to
What is the pronunciation and meaning and word parts of ‘iatrogenic’?
Pronunciation: eye-At-roh-JEN-ik. Meaning: Arising from medical treatment or a physician.
Word parts: iatr/o- medical treatment; physician, gen/o- arising from; produced by, -ic pertaining to
What is the pronunciation and meaning and word parts of ‘idiopathic’?
Pronunciation: ID-ee-oh-PATH-ik. Meaning: Unknown cause of disease.
Word parts: idi/o- individual; unknown, path/o- disease, -ic pertaining to
What is the pronunciation and meaning and word parts of ‘infectious’?
Pronunciation: in-FEK-shuhs. Meaning: Pertaining to disease-causing organisms within the body.
Word parts: infect/o- disease within, -ious pertaining to
What is the pronunciation and meaning and word parts of ‘pathogen’?
Pronunciation: PATH-oh-jen. Meaning: That which produces disease.
Word parts: path/o- disease, -gen that which produces
What is the pronunciation and meaning and word parts of ‘communicable’?
Pronunciation: koh-MYOO-nih-kah-BuL. Meaning: Able to be transmitted.
Word parts: communic/o- impart; transmit, -able able to be
What is the pronunciation and meaning and word parts of ‘neoplastic’?
Pronunciation: NEE-oh-PLAS-tik. Meaning: Pertaining to new growth.
Word parts: ne/o- new, plast/o- formation; growth, -ic pertaining to
What is the pronunciation and meaning and word parts of ‘nutritional’?
Pronunciation: noo-TRIH-shun-al. Meaning: Pertaining to nourishment.
Word parts: nutrit/o- nourishment, -ion action; condition, -al pertaining to
