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Chp2 Medical Specialties/Specialists Flashcards

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1
Q

How are body systems categorized in medicine?

A

Within the context of medical specialties

Medical specialties are used to name hospital departments and specialists.

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2
Q

What is the medical specialty associated with the skin?

A

Dermatology

A dermatologist specializes in skin-related medical issues.

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3
Q

What body system is studied in dermatology?

A

Integumentary system

The integumentary system includes skin, hair, nails, and related structures.

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4
Q

What are the functions of the integumentary system?

A

Detects sensations, protects internal organs, synthesizes vitamin D, regulates body temperature

These functions are vital for maintaining homeostasis.

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5
Q

What is the medical specialty associated with the digestive system?

A

Gastroenterology

A gastroenterologist specializes in gastrointestinal issues.

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6
Q

What body system is studied in gastroenterology?

A

Gastrointestinal system

This system includes the mouth, throat, esophagus, stomach, intestines, and related structures.

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7
Q

What are the functions of the gastrointestinal system?

A

Digests food, absorbs nutrients, removes undigested wastes, sends sensory information to the brain for taste

These functions are essential for nutrition and energy.

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8
Q

Fill in the blank: The term __________ refers to the study of the skin.

A

dermatology

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9
Q

Fill in the blank: The __________ system is responsible for digestion and nutrient absorption.

A

gastrointestinal

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10
Q

True or False: Body systems are studied independently of medical specialties.

A

False

Body systems are always studied within the context of medical specialties.

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11
Q

What is the role of a cardiologist?

A

Specialist in cardiology

Cardiology is the medical specialty dealing with heart conditions.

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12
Q

What is the medical specialty that studies the respiratory system?

A

Pulmonology

Focuses on conditions affecting the lungs and respiratory tract

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13
Q

What is the term for a doctor specializing in pulmonology?

A

Pulmonologist

Medical professionals who diagnose and treat respiratory conditions

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14
Q

List the anatomy/structures involved in the respiratory system.

A
  • Nose
  • Throat
  • Larynx
  • Trachea
  • Bronchi
  • Lungs
  • Related structures

Key components of the respiratory anatomy

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15
Q

What are the primary functions of the respiratory system?

A

Brings oxygen into the body and expels carbon dioxide

Essential for maintaining oxygen levels in the blood

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16
Q

What is the medical specialty that studies the cardiovascular system?

A

Cardiology

Focuses on the heart and blood vessels

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17
Q

What is the term for a doctor specializing in cardiology?

A

Cardiologist

Medical professionals who diagnose and treat heart conditions

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18
Q

List the anatomy/structures involved in the cardiovascular system.

A
  • Heart
  • Arteries
  • Veins
  • Capillaries
  • Related structures

Essential components of the cardiovascular anatomy

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19
Q

What are the primary functions of the cardiovascular system?

A

Transports blood throughout the body

Vital for delivering oxygen and nutrients to tissues

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20
Q

What is the medical specialty that studies blood?

A

Hematology

Focuses on blood and blood disorders

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21
Q

What is the term for a doctor specializing in hematology?

A

Hematologist

Medical professionals who diagnose and treat blood conditions

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22
Q

What is the medical specialty that studies the immune system?

A

Immunology

Focuses on the immune response and related disorders

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23
Q

What is the term for a doctor specializing in immunology?

A

Immunologist

Medical professionals who diagnose and treat immune system disorders

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24
Q

List the anatomy/structures involved in the lymphatic system.

A
  • Blood cells
  • Plasma
  • Lymph glands
  • Lymphoid tissues and organs
  • Related structures

Key components of the lymphatic anatomy

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25
What are the primary functions of the lymphatic system?
* Transports blood cells * Transports nutrients * Transports oxygen * Transports carbon dioxide * Transports waste products of cellular metabolism * Destroys disease-causing organisms and abnormal cells ## Footnote Essential for immune response and waste removal
26
How do you pronounce 'hematology'?
HEE-mah-TAW-loh-jee ## Footnote The study of blood and its disorders
27
How do you pronounce 'immunology'?
H-myoo-NAW-loh-jee ## Footnote The study of the immune system
28
How do you pronounce 'lymphatic'?
lim-FAT-iK ## Footnote Pertains to the lymphatic system
29
What is the medical specialty that focuses on the skeletal system?
Orthopedics ## Footnote An orthopedist specializes in the treatment of bones, cartilage, ligaments, joints, and related structures.
30
What are the main structures of the skeletal system?
* Bones * Cartilage * Ligaments * Joints * Related structures ## Footnote These structures provide structural support and protection.
31
What is the primary function of the skeletal system?
Provides structural support and protection ## Footnote The skeletal system is crucial for maintaining body shape and protecting vital organs.
32
What is the medical specialty that focuses on the muscular system?
Orthopedics ## Footnote An orthopedist also deals with muscles, tendons, and related structures.
33
What are the main structures of the muscular system?
* Muscles * Tendons * Related structures ## Footnote These structures are essential for movement and maintaining body posture.
34
What is the primary function of the muscular system?
Produces movement of the body and maintains body posture ## Footnote The muscular system allows for voluntary and involuntary movements.
35
What is the medical specialty that focuses on the nervous system?
Neurology ## Footnote A neurologist specializes in the brain, cranial nerves, spinal cord, spinal nerves, and other nerves.
36
What are the main structures of the nervous system?
* Brain * Cranial nerves * Spinal cord * Spinal nerves * Other nerves * Related structures ## Footnote These structures are vital for sensory processing and motor command transmission.
37
What is the primary function of the nervous system?
Receives and interprets sensory information and sends motor commands for body movement ## Footnote The nervous system plays a key role in coordinating bodily functions.
38
What is the pronunciation of 'orthopedics'?
OR-thoh-PEE-diks ## Footnote This is the standard phonetic representation for the term.
39
Fill in the blank: The study of nerves is called _______.
neurology ## Footnote Neurology is the branch of medicine that deals with the nervous system.
40
What is the pronunciation of 'neurology'?
nyoor-AW-loh-jee ## Footnote This phonetic spelling aids in proper pronunciation of the term.
41
What does the word part 'nerv/o-' refer to?
Nerve ## Footnote This prefix is used in various medical terms related to the nervous system.
42
What is the medical specialty that deals with the urinary system?
Urology ## Footnote Urology involves the study of the urinary system and related structures.
43
Who is a specialist in urology called?
Urologist ## Footnote Urologists are medical professionals specializing in the urinary system.
44
What are the main structures of the urinary system?
* Kidneys * Ureters * Bladder * Urethra * Related structures ## Footnote These structures are essential for the removal of waste from the blood.
45
What is the primary function of the urinary system?
Removes waste products from the blood and excretes them in urine ## Footnote This is a critical function for maintaining homeostasis.
46
How is 'urology' pronounced?
yoor-AW-loh-jee ## Footnote The term combines 'ur/o-' (urinary system) and '-logy' (study of).
47
What is the medical specialty that focuses on male reproductive health?
Male Reproductive Medicine ## Footnote This specialty is concerned with the male genitourinary system.
48
What are the main structures of the male genitourinary system?
* Scrotum * Testes * Prostate gland * Penile urethra * Penis * Related structures ## Footnote These structures play vital roles in reproduction and hormone production.
49
What is the primary function of the male reproductive system?
Produces and secretes the sex hormones and produces and releases sperm ## Footnote This function is essential for male fertility.
50
How is 'reproductive' pronounced?
REE-proh-duk-tiv ## Footnote The term combines 're-' (again and again) and 'product/o-' (produce).
51
What does the combining form 'genit/o-' refer to?
Genitalia ## Footnote It is used in terms related to the reproductive system.
52
What medical specialties are included in gynecology and obstetrics?
* Gynecologist * Obstetrician ## Footnote These specialists focus on female reproductive health and childbirth.
53
What are the main structures of the female genital and reproductive system?
* Breasts * Ovaries * Uterus * Vagina * Related structures ## Footnote These structures are vital for female reproductive functions.
54
What are the primary functions of the female reproductive system?
* Produces and secretes sex hormones * Produces and releases ova * Menstruates * Conceives and bears babies * Produces milk to nourish babies ## Footnote These functions are critical for female fertility and maternal health.
55
How is 'gynecology' pronounced?
GY-neh-kaw-loh-jee ## Footnote The term combines 'gynec/o-' (female; woman) and '-logy' (study of).
56
What does 'obstetrics' focus on?
Knowledge and practice of pregnancy and childbirth ## Footnote Obstetrics is a crucial field for maternal and neonatal health.
57
What is the combining form for 'obstetrician'?
obstetr/o- ## Footnote This form is used in medical terms related to pregnancy and childbirth.
58
What is the medical specialty focused on the endocrine system?
Endocrinology ## Footnote The medical professional is called an endocrinologist.
59
What are the key structures of the endocrine system?
* Hypothalamus * Pituitary gland * Pineal gland * Thyroid gland * Parathyroid glands * Thymus * Pancreas * Adrenal glands * Ovaries * Testes ## Footnote These structures are responsible for hormone production and secretion.
60
What is the primary function of the endocrine system?
Produces and secretes hormones and maintains body homeostasis ## Footnote Homeostasis refers to the body's ability to maintain stable internal conditions.
61
What medical specialty deals with the eyes?
Ophthalmology ## Footnote The medical professional is called an ophthalmologist.
62
What are the main structures involved in ophthalmology?
* Eyes * Lacrimal glands * Related structures ## Footnote The eyes are considered body structures, not a body system.
63
What is the primary function of the ophthalmology system?
The sense of sight ## Footnote This specialty focuses on diagnosing and treating eye-related conditions.
64
What medical specialty focuses on the ears, nose, and throat?
Otolaryngology ## Footnote The medical professional is called an otolaryngologist.
65
What are the key structures of otolaryngology?
* Ears * Nose * Sinuses * Throat * Larynx ## Footnote These structures are involved in hearing, smell, balance, and speaking.
66
What are the primary functions of the otolaryngology system?
* The sense of hearing * The sense of smell * Balance * Speaking ## Footnote This specialty addresses conditions affecting these functions.
67
Define endocrinology.
Study of (glands) within (the body that) secrete (hormones into the blood) ## Footnote The term is derived from the Greek words for 'innermost' and 'secrete'.
68
Fill in the blank: The study of the eye is called _______.
ophthalmology ## Footnote The term combines the Greek word for eye and the suffix for study.
69
What is the pronunciation of 'endocrinology'?
EN-doh-krih-NAW-loh-jee ## Footnote This term breaks down into several parts: end/o- innermost; crin/o- secrete; -logy study of.
70
What is the pronunciation of 'otolaryngology'?
oH-toh-LAIR-ing-GAW-loh-jee ## Footnote This term combines several components related to ear, larynx, and study.
71
What does the prefix 'end/o-' mean?
Innermost; within ## Footnote This prefix is commonly used in medical terminology related to internal structures.
72
What does the suffix '-logy' signify in medical terminology?
Study of ## Footnote This suffix is used in various medical specialties to indicate a field of study.
73
What is the medical specialty that focuses on mental health?
Psychiatry ## Footnote Psychiatry involves the diagnosis and treatment of mental disorders.
74
What is the difference between a psychiatrist and a psychologist?
A psychiatrist is a medical doctor who can prescribe medication, while a psychologist typically holds a doctoral degree in psychology and focuses on therapy and counseling ## Footnote Psychiatrists can provide medical treatment in addition to psychotherapy.
75
How is 'psychiatry' pronounced?
sy-KY-ah-tree ## Footnote The pronunciation breaks down into syllables for easier understanding.
76
What are the word parts that make up 'psychiatry'?
* psych/o- (mind) * -iatry (medical treatment) ## Footnote Understanding the components can help in deciphering medical terminology.
77
What is the medical specialty that deals with tumors?
Oncology ## Footnote Oncology is concerned with the study and treatment of cancer.
78
What is the title of a doctor who specializes in oncology?
Oncologist ## Footnote Oncologists diagnose and treat cancer patients.
79
How is 'oncology' pronounced?
ong-KAW-loh-jee ## Footnote Correct pronunciation aids in professional communication.
80
What are the word parts that make up 'oncology'?
* onc/o- (mass; tumor) * -logy (study of) ## Footnote Knowledge of word roots can enhance understanding of medical terms.
81
What is the medical specialty that involves imaging and diagnosis using radiation?
Radiology ## Footnote Radiology encompasses various imaging techniques, including x-rays.
82
What is the title of a doctor who specializes in radiology?
Radiologist ## Footnote Radiologists interpret medical images to diagnose conditions.
83
How is 'radiology' pronounced?
RAY-dee-Aw-loh-jee ## Footnote Proper pronunciation is crucial for clarity in medical discussions.
84
What are the word parts that make up 'radiology'?
* radi/o- (forearm bone; radiation; x-rays) * -logy (study of) ## Footnote Understanding these components can help in grasping the field of radiology.
85
What is the term for a branch of medicine that deals with the use of radioactive substances?
Nuclear medicine ## Footnote Nuclear medicine is used for both diagnostic and therapeutic purposes.
86
How is 'nuclear medicine' pronounced?
NOO-klee-ar MED-ih-sin ## Footnote Correct pronunciation aids in effective communication among medical professionals.

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