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Patho > chp 26- study guide > Flashcards

chp 26- study guide Flashcards

1
Q

__ represents a rapid decline in kidney function sufficient to increase blood levels of nitrogenous wastes and impair fluid and electrolyte balance

A

Acute Renal Failure

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2
Q

The causes of acute renal failure are categorized as:

A

prerenal, intrarenal, and postrenal

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3
Q

__ failure, is the most common form of acute renal failulre

A

prerenal

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4
Q

Prerenal failure is manifested by a sharp decrease in urine output and a disproportionate elevation of __ in relationship to serum creatinine levels.

A

BUN

Blood urea nitrogen

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5
Q

___ failure results from obstruction of urine outflow from the kidneys

A

postrenal

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6
Q

the main concern in acute renal failure:

A

figuring out the underlying CAUSE of failure

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7
Q

represents a permanent loss of kidney nephrons with progressive deterioration of glomerular filtration, tubular reabsorptive capacity, and endocrine functions of the kidneys.

A

Chronic Kidney Disease

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8
Q

Normal GFR

A

120-130 mL/ inute

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9
Q

GFR is usually estimated using the serum __ concentration

A

creatinin

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10
Q

Increased excretion of low molecular weight globulins is a marker of __ disease and excretion of __ a marker of CKD.

A

tubulointerstital disease

albumin

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11
Q

the __ state includes signs and symptoms of altered fluid, electrolyte, and acid-base balance, and alterations in regulatory functions.

A

uremic

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12
Q

Chronic renal failure can produce ___ or fluid ___, depending on the pathology fo the kidney disease.

A

dehydration or fluid overload

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13
Q

In chronic renal failure, the kidneys lose the ability to regulate ___ excretion.

A

sodium

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14
Q

the acidosis that occurs in persons with kidney failure seems to stabilize as the disease progresses, probably as a result of the tremendous buffering capacity of ____

A

bone

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15
Q

the term renal ___ is sued to describe the skeletal complications of CKD.

A

osteodystrophy

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16
Q

___ commonly is an early manifestation of chronic renal failure.

A

hypertension

17
Q

Anorexia, nausea, and vomiting are common in patients with __, along with a metallic taste in the mouth that further depresses the appetite.

A

uremia

18
Q

neuropathy is caused by __ and __ of nerve fibers, possible caused by uremic toxins

A

atrophy and demyelination

19
Q

normal aging is associated with a decline in the __ and subsequently with reduced homeostatic regulation under stressful conditions.

A

atrophy, demyelination

20
Q

Polyuria with urine that is almost isotonic with plasma

A

Isothenuria

21
Q

by-product of muscle metabolism

A

creatinine

22
Q

Impaired tubular reabsorption of sodium

A

Salt wasting

23
Q

Decreased CNS activity

A

Uremic Encephalopathy

24
Q

use of artificial kidney to filter blood

A

Hemodialysis

25
Q

Presence of excess amounts of urea in the blood

A

Uremia

26
Q

Increased bone reabsorption and formation

A

Osteitis fibrosa

27
Q

Acute Tubular Necrosis is the most common cause of intrinsic renal failure. One of the causes of ATN is ischemia. What are the most common causes of ischemic ATN?

A
  • severe hypovolemia
  • Burns
  • overwhelming sepsis
28
Q

Chronic kidney disease impacts many systems in teh body. What is the number 1 hematologic disorder caused by CKD?

A

Anemia

29
Q

Uremic pericarditis is a disorder that accompanies CKD. What are its presenting signs and symptoms?

A
  • pericardial friction rub
  • chest pain with respiratory accentuation
  • Fever without infection
30
Q

Which neuromuscular disorder is triggered by CKD?

A

restless leg syndrome

31
Q

What is the one thing that is missing in an immune response in ppl with CKD?

A

failure to mount a fever with infection

32
Q

in hemodialysis, access to the vascular system is most commonly through what?

A

Internal arteriovenous fistula

Patho (18 decks)

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