Chp. 3 - Developing Through the Life Span

Question 1

Developmental Psychology

Answer 1

Examines our physical, cognitive and social development across the life span.

Question 2

Cross-Sectional Studies

Answer 2

Comparing people of different ages.

Question 3

Longitudinal studies

Answer 3

Following people across time.

Question 4

Nature and Nurture

Answer 4

Individuals are formed b y the interaction of biological psychological, and social-cultural forces.

Question 5

Continuity and Stages

Answer 5

Development is viewed either as a flow, on going programmed into people’s genes. Stage theories help focus on the forces and in tests that affect individuals at different points of life.

Question 6

Stability and Change

Answer 6

Stability marks one’s personality as one ages. It gives the individual his other identity. The ability to change gives individuals hope for a brighter future. It lets them adapt and grow with experiences.

Question 7

Chromosome

Answer 7

Threadlike structures made of DNA molecules that contain the genes.

Question 8

DNA

Answer 8

Molecule containing the genetic info that makes up the chromosomes.

Question 9

Genes

Answer 9

Biochemical units of heredity tat makes up the chromosomes and are segments of DNA.

Question 10

Heredity

Answer 10

Genetic transfer of neurons characteristics from parents to offspring.

Question 11

Genome

Answer 11

Complete instructions for making an organism, consisting of all the genetic material in that organisms chromosomes.

Question 12

Interaction of Heredity and Environment

Answer 12

A person’s genetically influenced traits affects how others respond.

Question 13

Environment

Answer 13

Every external influence, from prenatal nutrition to social support in later life.

Question 14

Interaction

Answer 14

Interplay that occurs when the effects of one factor depends on another factor.

Question 15

Epigenetics

Answer 15

The study of environmental influences an occurs without a DNA change.

Question 16

Zygote

Answer 16

Fertilized egg that enters a 2 week period of rapid fell division and develops into an embryo.

Question 17

Embryo

Answer 17

Developing human organism from about 2 weeks after fertilization through 8 weeks.

Question 18

Fetus

Answer 18

Developing human organism from 9 weeks after conception to birth.

Question 19

Reflex

Answer 19

A simple automatic response to a sensory stimulus.

Question 20

Temperament

Answer 20

A person’s characteristic emotional reactivity and intensity.

Question 21

Schema

Answer 21

Concept or framework that organizes and interprets information.

Question 22

Assimilation

Answer 22

Interpreting new experiences in terms of existing schemes.

Question 23

Accommedations

Answer 23

Adapting current understanding to incorporate new informations.

Question 24

Object Permanence

Answer 24

Awareness that things continue to exist, even when not perceived.

Question 25

Conservation

Answer 25

Properties such as mass, volume, and other number remaining the same despite changes in shape.

Question 26

Pretend Play

Answer 26

Enjoyed by a child who can think in symbols.

Question 27

Egocentrism

Answer 27

A child's difficulty in taking another's point of view.

Question 28

Theory of Mind

Answer 28

People's ideas about their own and other's mental state.

Question 29

Autism Spectrum Disorder

Answer 29

Develops in childhood and is moved by limited communication abilities and difficulty understanding others.

Question 30

Stranger Anxiety

Answer 30

Fear of strangers that infants commonly display, beginning by about 8 months of age.

Question 31

Attachment

Answer 31

Emotional tie with another persons origins of attachment.

Question 32

Basic Test

Answer 32

According to Erik Erikson, a sense that the world is predictable and trustworthy; said to be formed during infancy by appropriate experiences with responsible caregivers.

Question 33

Parenting Styles: Authoritarian

Answer 33

Coercive; children have lower social skills, self esteem and their brains overreact when they make mistakes.

Question 34

Parenting Styles: Permissive

Answer 34

Restraining; children are more aggressive and immature.

Question 35

Parenting Styles: Negligent

Answer 35

Uninvolved; children have poor academic and social outcomes.

Question 36

Parenting Styles: Authoritative

Answer 36

Confrontative; children have the highest self-esteem, self reliance, self-regulating, and social competence.

Question 37

Grief

Answer 37

The anguish experienced after significant loss, usually the death of a belated person. Includes physiological distress, separation anxiety confusion, yearning, obsessive dwelling on past, and apprehension about the future.