CHP. 5

Question 1

Intellectual property

Answer 1

A form of creative endeavour that can be protected through a trademark, patent, copyright, industrial design, or integrated circuit topography.

Question 2

Content management systems (CMSs)

Answer 2

An information system that tracks organizational documents, webpages, graphics, and related materials.

Question 3

Database

Answer 3

A self-describing collection of integrated records.

Question 4

Columns, Fields, Groups of bytes

Answer 4

A database table has multiple columns that are used to represent the attributes of an entity. Examples are PartNumber, EmployeeName, and SalesDate.

Question 5

Rows or Records

Answer 5

groups of columns in a database table.

Question 6

Table or File

Answer 6

a group of similar rows or records in a database.

Question 7

Key

Answer 7

(1) A column or group of columns that identifies a unique row in a table. (2) A number used to encrypt data. The encryption algorithm applies the key to the original message to produce the coded message. Decoding (decrypting) a message is similar; a key is applied to the coded message to recover the original text.

Question 8

Foreign keys

Answer 8

A column or group of columns used to represent relationships. Values of the foreign key match values of the primary key in a different (foreign) table.

Question 9

Relational databases

Answer 9

Databases that carry their data in the form of tables and that represent relationships using foreign keys.

Question 10

Relation

Answer 10

The more formal name for a database table.

Question 11

Metadata

Answer 11

Data that describe data.

Question 12

Database application system

Answer 12

Applications with the standard five components that make database data more accessible and useful. Users employ a database application that consists of forms, formatted reports, queries, and application programs. Each of these, in turn, calls on the database management system (DBMS) to process the database tables.

Question 13

Database management system (DBMS)

Answer 13

A program used to create, process, and administer a database.

Question 14

DB2

Answer 14

A popular, enterprise-class DBMS product from IBM.

Question 15

Access

Answer 15

A popular personal and small workgroup DBMS product from Microsoft.

Question 16

SQL Server

Answer 16

A popular enterprise-class DBMS product from Microsoft.

Question 17

Oracle

Answer 17

Software company focused on large scale database systems providing enterprise global cloud computing.

Question 18

MySQL

Answer 18

A popular open-source DBMS product that is licence-free for most applications.

Question 19

Structured Query Language (SQL)

Answer 19

An international standard language for processing database data.

Question 20

Database application

Answer 20

A collection of forms, reports, queries, and application programs that process a database.

Question 21

Form

Answer 21

Data entry forms are used to read, insert, modify, and delete database data.

Question 22

Report

Answer 22

A presentation of data in a structured, or meaningful, context.

Question 23

Query

Answer 23

A request for data from a database.

Question 24

Multiuser processing

Answer 24

When multiple users process the database at the same time.

Question 25

Lost-update problem

Answer 25

An issue in multiuser database processing, in which two or more users try to make changes to the data but the database cannot make all the changes because it was not designed to process changes from multiple users.

Question 26

Enterprise DBMS

Answer 26

A product that processes large organizational and workgroup databases. These products support many users, perhaps thousands, and many different database applications. Such DBMS products support 24/7 operations and can manage databases that span dozens of different magnetic disks with hundreds of gigabytes or more of data. IBM’s DB2, Microsoft’s SQL Server, and Oracle’s Oracle are examples of enterprise DBMS products.

Question 27

Personal DBMS

Answer 27

DBMS products designed for smaller, simpler database applications. Such products are used for personal or small workgroup applications that involve fewer than 100 users and normally fewer than 15. Today, Microsoft Access is the only prominent personal DBMS.

Question 28

ACID

Answer 28

An acronym standing for atomic, consistent, isolated, and durable. Used to describe the processing of transactions such that all of the transaction is processed or none of it is (atomic), transactions are processed in the same manner (consistent) whether processed alone or in the presence of millions of other transactions (isolated), and that once a transaction is stored, it never goes away—even in the presence of failure (durable).

Question 29

Dynamo

Answer 29

A nonrelational data store developed by Amazon.com.

Question 30

Bigtable

Answer 30

A nonrelational data store developed by Google.

Question 31

Cassandra

Answer 31

A durable, nonrelational data store that operates over hundreds or thousands of servers. Originally developed by Facebook but later turned over to the open source community; has become an Apache Top-Level Project (TLP).