CHP 7.2 - COMPARA NERVOUS SYSTEM

Question 1

The control center allowing the body to react to the environment

Answer 1

Nervous system

Question 2

The division of the nervous system that includes the brain and spinal cord

Answer 2

Central nervous system

Question 3

The division of the nervous system that includes all nerves outside the brain and spinal cord

Answer 3

Peripheral nervous system

Question 4

The part of the nervous system that controls voluntary movements

Answer 4

Somatic nervous system

Question 5

The part of the nervous system that controls involuntary functions

Answer 5

Autonomic nervous system

Question 6

The division of the autonomic nervous system responsible for the “fight or flight” response

Answer 6

Sympathetic nervous system

Question 7

The division of the autonomic nervous system responsible for the “rest and digest” response

Answer 7

Parasympathetic nervous system

Question 8

Conducts sensory information from the periphery to the CNS

Answer 8

Sensory (afferent) system

Question 9

Sensory fibers in the spinal cord that travel toward the brain

Answer 9

Ascending tracts

Question 10

Consists of motor nerves that conduct signals from the CNS to muscles and glands

Answer 10

Motor (efferent) system

Question 11

Neurons that extend from the brain down the spinal cord to synapse on lower motor neurons

Answer 11

Upper motor neurons (UMN)

Question 12

Bundles of upper motor neuron fibers that move caudally in the spinal cord

Answer 12

Descending tracts

Question 13

Neurons that extend from the spinal cord to muscles and glands

Answer 13

Lower motor neurons (LMN)

Question 14

Supportive cells of the nervous system that provide structural and functional support to neurons

Answer 14

Neuroglia

Question 15

The functional unit of the nervous system consisting of a cell body, nucleus, and processes

Answer 15

Neuron

Question 16

Inflammation of a nerve

Answer 16

Neuritis

Question 17

The ability of diseases to selectively affect different parts of a neuron

Answer 17

Compartmentalization

Question 18

A chemical that mediates information transfer between nerve cells

Answer 18

Neurotransmitter

Question 19

Neuroglial cells that proliferate after brain damage, forming a scar

Answer 19

Astrocytes

Question 20

A specialized site where information passes from one nerve cell to another

Answer 20

Synapse

Question 21

The neuron that transfers information at a synapse

Answer 21

Presynaptic cell

Question 22

The neuron, muscle, or gland receiving information at a synapse

Answer 22

Postsynaptic cell

Question 23

The space between the presynaptic and postsynaptic cells

Answer 23

Synaptic cleft

Question 24

Organelles in the presynaptic cell that store neurotransmitters

Answer 24

Synaptic vesicles

Question 25

The synaptic connection between a neuron and muscle cell

Answer 25

Neuromuscular junction

Question 26

The basic functional unit of the nervous system responsible for reflex actions

Answer 26

Reflex arc

Question 27

The control center of the nervous system composed of the cerebrum, cerebellum, and brainstem

Answer 27

Brain

Question 28

The largest part of the brain responsible for voluntary functions

Answer 28

Cerebrum

Question 29

The part of the brain responsible for coordination and balance

Answer 29

Cerebellum

Question 30

The part of the brain that controls basic life functions

Answer 30

Brainstem

Question 31

The brain region responsible for temperature regulation

Answer 31

Hypothalamus

Question 32

Nerves that arise from the brain and control head and neck functions

Answer 32

Cranial nerves

Question 33

A nerve that can be palpated and anesthetized as it exits the infraorbital foramen

Answer 33

Infraorbital nerve

Question 34

A nerve that can be palpated and anesthetized as it exits the mental foramen

Answer 34

Mental nerve

Question 35

Causes sensory deficits of the face and paralysis of the muscles of mastication

Answer 35

Trigeminal nerve injury

Question 36

Results in an inability to gaze laterally

Answer 36

Abducent nerve injury

Question 37

A condition that can result from middle ear infections, causing facial muscle paralysis

Answer 37

Facial nerve paralysis

Question 38

A nerve that innervates the eyelids and can be blocked for eye procedures

Answer 38

Auriculopalpebral nerve

Question 39

Nerves that cross the lateral aspect of the masseter muscle and may be injured

Answer 39

Buccal branches of the facial nerve

Question 40

A reflex pathway that can be tested by pricking the face with a pin

Answer 40

Facial/trigeminal reflex arc

Question 41

Can cause difficulty in swallowing

Answer 41

Glossopharyngeal or vagus nerve damage

Question 42

A viral disease affecting the nervous system that can cause hydrophobia and pharyngeal paralysis

Answer 42

Rabies

Question 43

A common condition in racehorses causing "roaring" due to paralysis of the laryngeal muscles

Answer 43

Recurrent laryngeal nerve damage

Question 44

Causes tongue paralysis, leading to deviation of the tongue

Answer 44

Hypoglossal nerve damage

Question 45

Localized anesthesia techniques used for surgeries and procedures

Answer 45

Nerve blocks

Question 46

A nerve block used to anesthetize the lower chin

Answer 46

Mental nerve block

Question 47

A nerve block used to anesthetize the lower lip

Answer 47

Mandibular alveolar nerve block

Question 48

A nerve block used for procedures on the upper lip and face

Answer 48

Infraorbital nerve block

Question 49

A nerve block used for anesthesia of the upper cheek teeth

Answer 49

Maxillary nerve block

Question 50

A nerve block used for anesthesia over the forehead

Answer 50

Supraorbital nerve block

Question 51

A region of the spinal cord from which a pair of spinal nerves arises

Answer 51

Spinal segment

Question 52

The protective membranes covering the brain and spinal cord

Answer 52

Meninges

Question 53

An accumulation of cerebrospinal fluid in the brain due to obstruction of fluid flow

Answer 53

Hydrocephalus

Question 54

Anesthesia injected into the epidural space to block sensation in the lower body

Answer 54

Epidural anesthesia

Question 55

A technique used in livestock for obstetric and perineal surgeries

Answer 55

Caudal epidural analgesia

Question 56

The process of anesthetizing nerves for abdominal procedures in cattle and horses

Answer 56

Flank surgery anesthesia

Question 57

A network of nerves supplying the forelimb

Answer 57

Brachial plexus

Question 58

A condition in horses caused by suprascapular nerve injury leading to muscle atrophy

Answer 58

Sweeney

Question 59

A common nerve injury affecting the ability to extend the elbow, carpus, and digits

Answer 59

Radial nerve paralysis

Question 60

Affects the triceps brachii muscle, causing inability to bear weight

Answer 60

High radial nerve paralysis

Question 61

Allows weight-bearing but results in "knuckling over" of the limb

Answer 61

Low radial nerve paralysis

Question 62

Severe nerve damage resulting in a flaccid, non-functional limb

Answer 62

Brachial plexus avulsion

Question 63

A diagnostic test for spinal cord integrity

Answer 63

Panniculus reflex

Question 64

Causes inability to extend the stifle and bear weight

Answer 64

Femoral nerve damage

Question 65

Common in parturition-related injuries, causing inability to adduct the limb

Answer 65

Obturator nerve paralysis

Question 66

Affects the extensors of the hock and flexors of the digits, causing dropped hock

Answer 66

Tibial nerve damage

Question 67

Results in "knuckling over" due to loss of digital extensor function

Answer 67

Peroneal nerve damage

Question 68

A condition caused by loss of sympathetic innervation to the head, resulting in ptosis, miosis, and enophthalmos

Answer 68

Horner’s syndrome

Question 69

Can cause vagal indigestion and bloat in ruminants

Answer 69

Vagal dysfunction